Research Proposal Essay

Requesting permission to conduct a report to determine â€Å"Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh† Dear Sir, We have the pleasure to acknowledge that Research Methodology has been found to be a very interesting course by all of us, with the benefit of being under your supervision. For part fulfillment of the requirements in your course, you have assigned us a report, through which we can have the practical experience of conducting research report, which will help us a lot in future. As per the requirement, we have chosen to conduct a report designed to verify, â€Å"Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh† We believe that choosing a topic such as this will help us learn a lot about Human Resource Management. We, hereby ask for your kind permission to work on this topic. We hope that our report will aid to make the concrete decision and live up to your expectations. Bangladesh has lots of tourism spots but most of them are unexplored by the local people, because of the inadequate information. Government and Parjatan Corporation both are not concern about this sector. So,accurate information, advertisement or any other promotional activities are not provided by the authority to attract local people. Transport, accommodation, cost and security are also important factor to the common people. To develop this sector the authority should take some steps to attract people such as they can provide information centers, they can arrange fair, can give TV advertisement also in the printing media. Nowadays internet advertisement is also available to attract people. Actually by attempting these steps government just cannot attract local people but also can earn huge revenue. Problem Identification: Bangladesh has huge potential to attract people visiting our country. Tourism is one of them. Many developing countries choose tourism industry as one of their earning source. In our country tourism industry is failed to attract the local people. The insufficient information centers, lack of advertisement and promotional activities make people disinterested from this industry. Apart from this cost and security is also a big factor. The less consciousness of Parjatan Corporation and government is very much responsible for it. This study would be focused on the tourism industry of Bangladesh and it will be a gateway to understand the various motivational and de-motivational aspects of tourism and help them to create a favorable tourist oriented environment and strategy. This research is conducted to identify the problems which local people face at the time of visiting different place. Literature review: Bangladesh is located conveniently on the east-west air-corridor making it a gateway to the Far East. It is endowed with resources and the potential for a tourism industry. In the south-east the country has a 120 Km long beach of soft silvery sand, perhaps the world’s longest, in a Riviera-like setting with crescent-shaped low hills overlooking the Bay of Bengal. The ranges of the hills clad in lush green thickets are treasured locations for eco-tourists and wildlife watchers. At the head of this terrain is Cox’s Bazaar which is as romantic as its name is to the outside world. The hill districts to the north and north-east of Cox’s Bazaar nestle the Kaptai and Rangamati lakes, an 840 sq. m body of crystal clear water lying in sylvan shadows not far from where a dozen hill tribes follow their traditional life-styles. The Tea District of Sylhet in the far north-east of the country has prospects of tourism, as does the Sundarbans, a large mangrove forest in the South which is home of the Bengal tiger; remains of palaces of old principalities andarchaeological sites of Buddhist monasteries. Shrines and holy places, mosques and temples, particularly in the northern part of the country, are among the tourist treasures of Bangladesh. The acuurate definition of Tourism is still unsolved. The term Tourism could be viewed from different angles like economic, managerial, marketing, social, and environmental and so on ( Rashidul, 1988). Tourism can be classified into several distinct categories. They would include holiday travel, visiting friends and relatives ( VFR), business travel, health treatment, shopping, conference, incentive travel, official mission, education, sports and others travel ( Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board, 2004). Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes (Tourism Society of England, 1976). Tourism is a special and complex industry and its promotion has to be direct at large number of people in various lands of different socio-economic structures having different needs, tests, attitudes, expectations and behavior patterns. There for planning effective marketing promotional strategy must penetrate in the peoples tastes and preferences (Shafi, 1985). (Afjal et al. 2005) identified foreign tourists’ attitude toward service product arrangement, channel of distribution, price of tourism product and services and promotional arrangement. He also showed marketing constraints that affect the attitude of the foreign tourists. He recommends that Bangladesh tourism industry should arrange its marketing mix elements in a way that attain positive attitudes of the foreign tourists and ensure growth of the country. Tourism industry in Bangladesh has not got a solid footing to â€Å"taken off†. Unfortunately, since its independence in 1971 following a devastating war of liberation, Bangladesh has gotten publicity about negative incidents like natural calamities, cyclones, floods and epidemics, in the international media, and this adversely affected international tourist flows to the country. The trend appears to have continued in recent years. Statistics showing foreign tourist arrivals for ten years to July 2006 is presented in annex table 1. For three consecutive years up to 2006, there has been encouraging annual growth in international tourist arrivals. It is expected that the growth rate would further increase in the coming years. It is also expected that eco-tourists and special interest tourists will increasingly choose Bangladesh as one of their destinations. Tour operators of the country are expected to intensify their efforts to bring in more groups and package tours. In order to develop tourist products, the country has already begun development of a second sea resort at Kuakata, a alf-day trip from the Sundarbans. As shown in annex table 2 which shows the nationality of tourist arrivals, India is the top tourist generating country for Bangladesh, closely followed by United Kingdom and the United States of America. Trends for in bound tourism from traditional tourist market areas like Germany, France and the Scandinavian countries appear to be positive. Bangladesh can count on a â€Å"favored nation† stat us with respect to tourist arrivals from Japan. Research Objective: Broad Objective The objective of the research report was to assess local tourist’s attitude towards tourism industry of Bangladesh. Based on the opinion of local people we tried to point out for which reason they are not interested about our tourism sector and what strategies should be taken to promote the industry. Specific Objective †¢ To give an overall idea about tourism sector. †¢ To find out different positive steps taken by porjatan corporation. †¢ To determine those key factors which are responsible for success of tourism industry Research Methodology: †¢ Primary Sources: Information used in this report has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected mainly through the writer’s observation of the approval process and research techniques, informal interviews of the specific populations. †¢ Secondary Source: Majority of the information were collected from the secondary sources, which include books, publications, reading materials, Information circulars, websites. Respondents and sampling procedure: †¢ Sample size The survey questionnaire consists of 14 (fourteen) sample questions that was used to evaluate 50 customers. Sample size was determined through the approach based on confidence level and precision rate. †¢ Population size All the people in Bangladesh would be the target customers of tourism industry. That’s why all citizen of Bangladesh are our population size. †¢ Sample frame Sample selection is a part of sample frame. Sample frame is containing a List of the Particulars about all the items of a Population. It is prepared with a view to facilitating me to select required Samples. Sample selection: As survey was to be conducted, an initial plan for stratified sampling was designed. The respondents were to be picked from the AIUB MBA Student. †¢ Sample technique Based on the Methodologies, as a researcher we have drawn Samples on the basis of non random sampling techniques. In this report we have gone through all the non-random sampling techniques like Purposive /Judgmental, Quota Sampling, Convenience Sampling Limitation: Every matter has got some limitation. So this is also not an exception. The limitations of this report are been sated below: ? Sufficient records, publications, facts and figures are not available. These constrains narrowed the scope of real analysis. ? Not having an accurate tourism database that caused waste of time. ? It is quite difficult to complete for such assignments program for five persons in a certain time limit. ? There was time limitation for this research project. That made difficult to get all information. Though there are some limitations we have tried our best to collect adequate data and information to make the report meaningful. Scope of the research: This study would be focused on the tourism industry of Bangladesh and it will e a gateway to understand the various motivational and de-motivational aspects of tourism and help them to create a favorable tourist oriented environment and strategy. We hope to complete our report work in the boundaries of 13 days, starting from the week after the competition of mid-term examination. A generalized vision of how and when we will conduct each stage of our report has been systematized. From then onwards, if all the external factors are stable, and all other major external forces do not restrict, the work is expected to proceed as the following schedule. This questionnaire has been designed to conduct a research on ‘Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh’ to fulfill the partial requirement of Business Statistics and Decision Analysis course, under School of Business Administration,

Political Philosophy and Aristotle Essay

When looking at the way Aristotle viewed the world and comparing it to the British Tradition you first need an understanding of each. In this paper I want to first discuss what I’ve learned about Aristotle, The British Tradition, and then compare and contrast the two. Aristotle was a disciple of Plato, but they saw society a bit differently. Plato would be considered in this day and age as someone who believes in collectivism. A collectivist believes that the needs of society as a whole are more important than the needs of the individual. On the other hand, Aristotle would have been a supporter of individualism. Individualism refers to the philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his or her economic and political pursuits. In contrast to collectivism, individualism stresses that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state. You could say that Aristotle believed in democracy. â€Å"The best state could signify one that is conceived according to an abstract ideal; one that is considered best for human communities in general; one that is best for a particular community under given conditions; or one that, while in no sense ideal, is as good as can be attained under the circumstances. † (Levine PG. 108) Aristotle also believed in three domains. The first domain is personal action or â€Å"ethos†. This is an idea to live by. Aristotle though that people were simple enough that we could live by one code or ethos. Aristotle called this â€Å"The Good Life†. The second domain is household or â€Å"oikos†. This is economics or how to manage a household. Aristotle believed that the goal in the household should be different from the goals of the other domains. â€Å"In the household, for example, a man should manifest different concerns toward children as their father than toward his wife as her husband, and he should be able to acquire, preserve, improve, and properly utilize property. The responsibilities of the head of a polis differ from those of a head of household, and rulers should discharge them in ways to attend to the welfare of all its members, not just one or a few. † (Levine Pg. 118) The third domain is city state or â€Å"polis†. This also stood for politics. Aristotle believed that we live in groups so naturally we have to make decisions together, therefore we have to be political beings. Of course this is where Aristotle sounds much like one of the founding fathers of our country. He thought women were too irrational for politics and that slaves and common workers were too busy to be involved. Aristotle believed that to be politically involved you needed free time to develop the necessary skills and knowledge. In other words Aristotle was an elitist democrat. Aristotle’s social theory was to create an environment conducive to good habits. He believed that we were are good by nature. In this environment we can then develop our virtues. He also believed that everyone had potential, but actualizing that potential was difficult. He also believed that public deliberation among those with virtuous habits and developed reasoning skills was good for society. As far as the British Tradition goes, they believe in a fixed human nature and that there are predictable social outcomes based on this human nature. I’ll focus on three different Brits and their different views on human propensities and how they affect society. Hobbes believed that humans were naturally bad and born with selfish propensities. He believed that this could only lead to a negative outcome, unless someone with absolute power were to control society. I believe Hobbes would be somewhat totalitarian or perhaps be someone who was in favor of some sort of martial law. Locke on the other hand was basically the opposite of Hobbes. He believed people were pretty nice and this would lead to beneficial consequences for everyone. â€Å"Locke endeavored to refute the Hobbesian defense of political absolutism. In so doing, he introduced two notions that would guide centuries of British revisionism: that the human animal manifests socially benign dispositions, and that human selfish dispositions can have socially benign consequences. † (Levine Pg. 130) The third Brit that I’ll look at is Smith. He is essentially split between Hobbes and Locke. Smith believes that humans do have natural selfish propensities, but that these propensities are to the benefit of society. So when comparing Aristotle to the British Tradition it’s obvious that there are some pretty big differences. Aristotle didn’t believe in a fixed human nature like the Brits. Aristotle would say that you are a product of the society in which you are raised. A good society will produce good citizens, and bad society will have the opposite effect. Aristotle would also argue that at any point during a persons life they can make the decision to develop their potentials and become a better person. The Brits on the other hand believed that you were either born good or bad and based on that there would be predictable outcomes.

Research paper of Favorite Organism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Of Favorite Organism - Research Paper Example Their physiological characteristics are different and interesting. In this essay various aspects of elephants will be discussed. Taxonomic classification The family to which elephant belongs is Elephantidae. It is the only family under the order Proboscidea. The domain is living, kingdom is Animalia, phylum is Chordata and class is Mammalia. Under the family Elephantidae, there are 2 genuses and they are Loxodonta or African Genus and Elephas or Asian genus. There are 2 species: africana or African species and maximus or Asian species. The subspecies in the former are africana and cyclotis and in the later are indicus, borneensis and sumatranus. Elephants are the only living members of the Proboscidea order (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). Description of the organism Elephants are mammals. The two main species are African elephant and Asian elephant. Extinct species of the order Proboscidea are mastodons and mammoths. Currently, elephants are the largest living terrestrial animals. A male elephant can reach a height of 4 m and can weight upto 7000 kg (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). African elephants have larger ears and backs that are concave. On the other hand, Asian elephants have smaller ears and backs that are convex. ... The Asian elephant is considered endangered and the African elephant is considered as vulnerable. These animals are poached for their tusks because of their ivory value. Elephants are also at threat because of habitat destruction and conflicts with people in the local region. In Asia, these animals are used for heavy work. They are also displayed in circuses and zoos. They are also featured in ceremonies and cultural events. Asian elephants have smoother skin, only one extension at the tip of the trunk and their abdomen is horizontal. The molars have narrower looped ridges in the Asian elephant when compared to African elephant which is diamond shaped (Shoshani, 2005). Other than these features, the Asian elephant has dorsal bumps on the head and also some depigmentation patches. Status of the organism The Asian elephant is on the crux of becoming endangered because of severe poaching on the animal for the purpose of tusk. Ivory can be derived from the tusk and it has a very good com mercial value. Ivory is used to make different ornaments and objects. The leather of the elephant is also used for several purposes. African elephant on the other hand is not endangered but is called vulnerable (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). Unique physiological characteristics The word elephant is derived from the Latin word "elephantus". Of all the terrestrial living animals, elephant is the largest. The height of an African elephant is about 3-4 meters and that of an Asian elephant is 2- 3.5 meters. The former weighs between 4000- 7000 kgs and the latter weighs between 3000- 5000 kgs. Males are larger than females. The skeleton of an elephant has 326- 351 bones (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). The flexibility of the backbone of an

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example Globalization has further increased international trade as now countries are able to trade easily through flexible negotiations that will put away restrictions that may undermine trade between countries (Reuvid & Sherlock, 2011). International trade has provided grounds for increased competition, and this means that there are competitive prices in the market, which will see to it that consumers benefit from quality products, which are offered at low costs. International trade has resulted to the global economy which operates on the forces of demand and supply meaning that the prices of products are affected by events that occur globally (Aswathappa, 2010). For example, the political unrest in Libya caused the prices of gas to inflate in the whole world, and this clearly shows how the global economy works. Research shows that international trade is focused on by nations so that the citizens’ standards of living can be increased through the provision of various products and crea tion of job opportunities. International trade theories provide explanations, which will elaborate on the patterns global trade takes and the benefits that arise from it. The theories gives reasons as to why nations trade and why it is good to trade. This paper seeks to explain the theories that explain why countries engage in international trade and goes ahead to explain the benefits that countries get from international trade. Mercantilism Theory This theory was in application in the economic system of the 16th to 18th centuries, and its main objectives was to increase the wealth of a nation imposing regulations on the governments interests so as to ensure that the government had control on all of them (Ajami & Goddard, 2006). It was based on the fact that countries could accrue wealth in the form of precious metals, which is not practical because if every country decided to want to export and not importing from other countries, the worldwide economy would be sluggish due to restr iction of free trade. The theory was mainly used by colonial governments such as Britain, France and Spain, which practiced the zero-sum –game that implied that wealth was scarce and countries could only benefit by taking advantage of the resources of their neighbors (Kerr & Gaisford, 2008). These governments would take advantage of their colonies by charging them high prices for imports and low for their own exports. This theory is seen as a hindrance to international trade as it was seen to favor exports and hinder imports in the colonial countries. Absolute Advantage Theory This theory was developed by Adam Smith (1776) and explains that a company has an advantage if it can produce the more products with similar resources or the same amount of products using fewer resources than its trading partners (Ajami & Goddard, 2006). With this in mind it follows that the country with the absolute advantage will be able to produce and export commodities at a lower cost than its tradi ng partners, and this will be the basis of its trade relations with the partners. This is because the absolute advantage will have the propensity to reduce costs of production and at the same time increase profits which will in turn boost the economy. This theory further explains that market forces should determine trade and restrictions such as tariffs and quotas should be eliminated hence this destroys

Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education - Assignment Example Secondly, the college application process is something that students can be taught and student’s aid are available from different sources Yes it is meaningful and easily understandable by all the stakeholders that for students to continue with their college education they have to know more about college, they should know about the college application process, and they need to be sponsored Yes, because high school courses that prepare students for college education have always been in existence. Secondly, students are usually taught in high school how to write up college application and they are even informed the sources of college aid or scholarships. The program is known as College Success and it is set to run in the any years to come. The program mainly seeks to offer guidance, counseling, and mentorship for students before and after enrollment in colleges to ensure that they continue with their college education and graduate from

Community Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Assessment - Assignment Example Generally the community in the county is composed of low-income earners with limits ranging from 15,350 dollars and 77,100 dollars (Wise et al., 2008). The median income is 46, 844 dollars. This constitutes low income compared to other areas in the United States. Domestic violence is dominant due to the fact that most of the population is low-income earners and engage in the use of drugs especially tobacco; these are likely to cause conflicts. There is little of importance from these issues than there are problems. The county is largely rural, and most people face health and education problems and thus cannot make well-informed decisions that better their wellbeing. Drug use, poor health status, and unplanned pregnancies are just examples of how the decision-making mechanism among the community members is negatively influenced. Discrimination affects mostly non-native Americans; they undergo the highest unemployment rate, lowest annual income, worst education, highest functional illi teracy rates, and highest death rate. Notably, El Paso County like many other communities has not yet constituted an efficient system to assess the presence and impacts of domestic violence and child maltreatment. Women and children under the age of 12 form the greatest percentage of victims of domestic violence, which results in about 2 million injuries and almost 1,300 deaths. In fact, an intimate or former spouse commits about a half of murders occurring in the community and the victims are mostly female. Moreover, 17 children were killed for the period of 2000-2005 during a domestic violence associated incident (Eaves, 2010). The target population for domestic violence cases is 14,726 that forms the number of cases filed in Colorado Law Courts in 2005 and classified as domestic violence oriented. The El Paso County Sherriff’s Office and Colorado Springs Police Department responded to about

Fashion Design And Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Fashion Design And Architecture - Essay Example The type of construction that is done depending on the preference and culture of the people at that particular time. It is for this reason that architecture is known to protect the culture of a given people over time and in most times act as cultural symbols. Due to this, we are able to learn the civilization of past people and how they lived during their times. The practice of erecting buildings can be seen as an art and in many cases, architecture is used to refer to buildings especially those constructed over a given period of time. There are various levels at which architecture can be done from the small-scale level that involves the construction of small-scale buildings such as kennels to the large-scale constructions of skyscrapers and water dams that can be seen in various parts of the world such as China and the western parts of the world. Design, on the other hand, can be described as the process of creating something with a given plan that is important to the making of a ne w system that can be used for various purposes. In software constructions, designing can be said to be the process of coming u with a blueprint of a software just before it is constructed. In architecture, the too design is one of the most important processes. The design is done with an intention of creating something new in the environment and creates unique things that have characteristics that have never been seen before. Design can also be described as the long process that is used to achieve particular set goals.  ... The practice of erecting buildings can be seen as an art and in many cases architecture is used to refer to buildings especially those constructed over a given period of time. There are various levels at which architecture can be done from the small scale level that involves the construction of small scale buildings such as kennels to the large scale constructions of skyscrapers and water dams that can be seen in various parts of the world such as china and the western parts of the world. Design on the other hand can be described as the process of creating something with a given plan that is important to the making of a new system that can be used for various purposes. In software constructions, designing can be said to be the process of coming u with a blueprint of a software just before it is constructed. In architecture too design is one of the most important processes. Design is done with an intention of creating something new in the environment and creates unique things that hav e characteristics that have never been seen before. Design can also be described as the long process that is used to achieve particular set goals. These set goals in most cases involve unique accomplishments. Fashion design is an art of applying natural beauty and design to come up with clothing and accessories that are acceptable to different people considering their gender, age, and the trend of time in which they are. Fashion design can be influenced by a lot of different factors top of which is climate. It is because of this that fashion designers work to accomplish their goals in different ways. The design is a continuous changing process as they have to work hard to match the consumer demand which keeps changing most of the time. For any designer to be successful, they

Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Finance - Essay Example The maximization act in general is the one being criticized as the managers tend to be carried away by the mere feeling to satisfice and not really come up with means of maximizing or optimizing according the theories of finance. This means that the mangers go for solutions which they regard as satisfactory yet they need to seek the best solutions that are possible respecting the existing constraints. Considering the structure of most modern firms, it is almost impossible to single out the mangers true motives. Modern firms are mostly organized to operate as a corporation where shareholders happen to be the legal owners of such firms and the managers have been given the mandate to act on behalf of their shareholders. This happens if the manager is out to merely satisfy the firm’s stockholders while at the same time pursing other goals of his or her own interests that are in no manner related to attempts to try and maximize the firm’s value. A good example is charitable organizations where it is hard to tell the firm’s support makes an integral part of its value maximization in long terms. In addition, considering a case where the size of the firm in continuously increasing yet the profits are not; this can be attributed to the decision of the manager to have his motivation as being to expand the size of the business through increasing its prestige association with other lager firms or an effort to make the firm more recognized on the market place. It becomes very hard to come up with definite answers to situations like the ones mentioned above resulting to some of the financial theorists to come up with theories on firm behavior. The theories have come up with different situation in relation to the managers and maximization of the ownership wealth. They include; A firm manager may primarily try to maximize the growth or size of the firm and not its current value, the firm’s manager may try to maximize their own welfare or utility and in other cases a firm being considered as a collection of different individuals who have divergent goals rather than one common goal (Williamson 2000, p. 73) As the financial theories regarding firm try to increase the understanding on how firms behave, they don’t necessarily provide the most desired solution especially when it comes to wealth maximization considering the dynamics in the structures of different firms. However, they serve as basis for better understanding and interpretation of different behaviors witnessed in firms. Financial theorists have argued that it is the intense market competition for services and goods that usually force the firm managers to make decisions regarding value and wealth maximization. If a firm fails to come up with the right decision regarding alternatives that are most efficient which imply the need to go for maximum costs for every output level, considering the commodity market price being produced by the firm, other firms may end up o utcompeting the firm thus pushing it out of existence. Competition also impacts the firm operations through the capital market. In such as case, stockholders are mainly interested in their stocks returns as well as the prices of their stock which are determined by the value of the firm, that is the expected profits current value that has been discounted. This forces the managers to maximize the profits of the

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Marketing Management - Essay Example An organisation’s management is the team of employees who are entrusted by the stakeholders to come up with policies and decisions that will see the firm to achieve its objectives as well as adapt to any changes that are foreseen in the market environment. Marketing myopia is a common problem facing a number of organisations as the management fails to venture and analyse the larger perspective of their industry but rather concentrate on a single objective that ends up being redundant due to the dynamic nature of current markets. A company that is a market leader in an industry can be rendered redundant if its market approach does not rhyme with the current ramifications, forces, factors and shifting trends in the market (Soman and Marandi, 2010). The failure of organisations to define their objectives from the customers’ perspective makes them be more oriented to the products that they produce and with time they will eventually lose touch with the clients since they are not responding to their needs. Customer is always supreme in any business since the company is set to meet their needs. Marketing myopia occurs when organisations chose to be product-oriented rather than being customer-oriented to serve the needs of clients thus end up neglecting the opportunities that are present in their industry (â€Å"Harvard Business†, 2013). With time, different firms will seize the opportunity and through their aggression the previous companies will be rendered redundant since their products will no longer be appealing to the customers. The essay is going to elaborate of how management makes mistakes in choosing the objectives of their organisation and in particular it will deal with the case of Blackberry (Lee, 2013). Research in Motion (RIM) the firm that manufactures BlackBerry line of products was a renowned technology giant in America during its early years since it was the only firm

POLC in the School System Essay Example for Free

POLC in the School System Essay Just like any other organization, a school system would not be able to function properly without an efficient administrator and an effective administration process. In the case of school systems, the administrator would be the superintendent of the school. As the administrator, the superintendent serves as both the leader and the manager of the school. In order to be a successful and efficient administrator, the superintendent should focus on four areas– planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In the case of planning, the administrator should be able to pinpoint appropriate goals for the whole school system. The goal usually carries prospects for progress, equality, and harmony. As part of the planning process, the administrator should also be able to identify the best courses of action in fulfilling the chosen goals. Such goals should be evaluated at a regular basis so as to assess if they are ion line with the demands of time. After planning the goals and the ways towards its achievement, the administrator should be able to put those plans into action. Organizing is as important as the plan itself. As such, the new administrator should be able to formulate task and authority relations. He should be able to establish an organizational set-up that will allow the school system to efficiently and quickly make the vision, a reality, if he/she may deem the present set-up is inappropriate. As the leader of the school, the new administrator should also be able to influence people- from the students to the teachers, and even the other sectors involved in establishing an effective educational system such as the community, the parents, governmental agencies, and many more. He or she should be able to motivate and unite them, and provide them with a common goal for the educational welfare of the students and for the encouragement of harmony and efficiency of learning and teaching processes. He or she should be able to encourage everyone to work towards a common goal, which is usually the mission and vision of the school. Lastly, after ensuring the plans, the set-up and the people are all set for action; the administrator should be able to control the organization. Control should not be equated with stringent and numerous laws and regulations matched with various sanctions. Instead, it should be associated with the establishment of precise evaluation processes that will allow the administrator to measure and monitor the organization’s development at regular basis overtime, in accordance with the established goals. References: Brennen, Annick M. (n.d.) The Administration of Elementary Schools. Retrieved January 29, 2008 from http://www.soencouragement.org/admin-of-elementary-schools.htm The Management Process Today (n.d.) Retrieved January 29, 2008 from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073011223/317076/samplechapter.pdf

Pre Existing Strategies For Youth Offending

Pre Existing Strategies For Youth Offending For over a decade Labours three successive administrations from 1997 to 2010 has left the youth justice system in a state of near permanent reform. With almost two decades prior to 1997 in opposition Labour had the opportunity to implement ready-made polices on criminal justice which started with the youth justice system by adopting a root and branch reform agenda.  [2]  This paper will critically review the policies pursued by Governments over the past fourteen years to address the social causes of crime amongst young people. The primary question this paper will ask is whether these policies have made a difference to either crime figures or recidivism amongst juveniles. The paper will initially begin by discussing the pre-existing strategies on youth crime employed before the last fourteen years which is crucial to critically reviewing the laws development over the past fourteen years. The second part of this paper will focus on the strategies employed to deal with the social ca uses of youth crime. The final section of the paper will draw the paper together by discussing the impact of the strategies employed by the various Governments to deal and manage youth justice offending by examining their impact upon youth offending. Pre-Existing Strategies for Youth Offending: Much of the twentieth-century juvenile justice system was characterised by a double taxonomy which can be best described as punishment and welfare.  [3]  The last fifty years have seen a bewildering complexity of shifts in the approach of the police, courts and various governmental agencies established to respond to youth offending and the social causes of crime.  [4]  It has been a dissected mix of governmental policies that alternate between punitive punishment and a welfare or care approach. The literature presents the 1960s as a high point in the development of welfarism in the youth justice system with a shift away from penal punishment to family councils and family courts to deal with juvenile offending and the surrounding social causes of youth crime.  [5]   The coming to power of the Conservative government in the 1970s brought a shift back to punitive punishment for youth offenders with an increasing use of juvenile courts with custodial sentences rising from 3000 in 1970 to over 7000 in 1978.  [6]  Alongside this shift towards a strong sharp punishment of youth offending in England and Wales, Scotland sought to introduce an alternative approach with the introduction of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968. An underlying feature of this approach to youth offending were welfare tribunals which used lay people such as social workers, teachers and family representatives in coming together to manage youth offending in a collaborative way to tackle both the wider social causes of youth offending and the individual offence under consideration. Pratt argues that there were four major sets of criticisms of the welfare model of youth justice: firstly the treatment-orientated interventions were perceived to be ineffective.  [7]  Secondly, evidence suggested that care could become more coercive than punishment. Thirdly, professional expertise of the members of the tribunals was less important than it was perceived to be, in that members were serving with little experience of juvenile offending. Fourthly, the care model of justice was alleged to be ineffective at dealing with youth delinquency. The election of the Conservative government during the 1980s with a law and order agenda produced a mixed approach to youth offending yet again.  [8]  The 1980s brought an introduction of a multi-agency approach to youth offending and the social causes of crime, with an increased use of formal and informal cautioning of youth offenders which distinguished first offenders from repeat offenders. A distinctive feature of this approac h to youth offending was the introduction of the concept of corporatism into the youth justice system which allowed a system to produce efficient, effective justice that worked.  [9]  The focus was on delivering a youth justice framework that worked efficiently delivering value for money for the government using cheaper alternatives than the court system. The youth justice model of the 1980s enjoined the 1990s with a marriage of punitive sentencing of repeat offenders with an incoherent cautioning system for first time youth offenders which the police patrolled without any consistency.  [10]   New Labour, New Youth Justice Police? It is arguable that, amongst other issues, Labour won its first general election under the banner of its tough talk on criminal justice issues.  [11]  By taking a mixed approach between retributive justice and restorative justice Labour sought to increase the States control, regulation and mangerialism of criminal behaviour and the social causes surrounding crime.  [12]   Labour sought to formulate its youth justice policies around a development of pre-existing philosophies of restorative justice values and practice including responsibility, restoration and reintegration, which would draw upon the experience of the existing framework.  [13]  Labour presented a Third way to deal with law and order which centred upon tackling the youth crime which were premised upon making young people take responsibility for crime through the concepts of responsibility, restoration and reintegration.  [14]  The centre piece of reform manifested itself in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 which have sought to bring restorative elements and values on a formal platform within youth justice.  [15]  In essence the statutory framework represented a clear attempt at modernising youth justice based on empirical evidence.  [16]   The reform advanced by Labour to deal with the social causes of youth offending effectively represented a new youth justice system composed of a Youth Justice Board (YJB) at national level and a multi-agency Youth Offending Teams (YOTs) at local level to administer the youth justice framework.  [17]  This multi-level and multi-agency approach to youth justice redefined the architecture of the youth justice apparatus by reconfiguring the lines of power, management and responsibility.  [18]  In addition to redefining the youth justice apparatus within the criminal justice system, Labour adopted a twin track approach with a perpetual stream of legislative reform focused on reformulating the punishment framework within criminal justice. The main stay of the reforms was provided in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, which established the Youth Justice Board, Youth Offending Teams and for a restructuring of the non-custodial penalties available to the Youth Court, other reforms included: anti-social behaviour orders (ASBO) and action plans, to reparation orders and parenting orders.  [19]  For offenders under 18, the system of police cautioning was replaced with a new system of reprimand and warnings, to allow young offenders to have the opportunity of at least one reprimand and one final warning prior to prosecution.  [20]   Newburn argues that the new reforms implemented sought to allow restorative values where possible within youth justice through the development of restorative cautioning, action plans and reparation orders.  [21]  The action plan represented an attempt to allow youth offenders to begin a short intensive programme of community intervention combining punishment, rehabilitation and reparation to change the offending behaviour and prevent further crime.  [22]  Although Labour sought to redraw the criminal justice agenda many of the reforms introduced echoed and resembled the multi-agency approach of the 1980s.  [23]  The crucial difference between this fresh attempt at reform was that part of the multi-agency approach this time was not to divert but rather to intervene and become involved in the process.  [24]  A central driving force in Labours restorative reforms was the influence of communitarian thinking, particularly with the introduction of reparation orders and rest orative cautioning.  [25]  The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 placed local authorities with the responsibility of formulating and implementing annual youth justice plans which dealt with the social causes of crime amongst other priorities. Gelsthorpe and Morris argue that the reforms introduced will allow restorative processes to occupy a marginal place within criminal justice until contradictory values and practices of blaming and punishing are given significantly less emphasis and restorative values and practices are given significantly more emphasis.  [26]  A potential flaw of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 presented in the literature is that significant elements inherent in the reforms are premised on the basis of proportionality which is characteristic of punitive punishment. Wasik identifies that the reparation order is subjected to the normal requirements of proportionality which is linked to the retributive justice value of responsibility of the offender for the crime.  [27]  The central concern among advocates of restorative justice is that this model will not operate with the full potential of restorative justice values and principles which could over time gradually become more punitive than restorat ive in nature. Much of the debate throughout the literature focuses on the various elements of the reforms which can be considered to have restorative ideals.  [28]  The most significant reform was the introduction of Referral Orders as part of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. Dignan and Marsh argue that Referral Orders are potentially one of the most radical aspects of the entire youth justice reform agenda where the court can divert the young offender away from the courts system to deal with the offending behaviour through restorative approaches.  [29]  Crawford and Newburn argue that the reforms implemented by Labour were heavily influenced by the what works paradigm and the language of risk factors.  [30]   Conclusion: Goldson argues that Labour introduced an unprecedented corpus of youth justice legislation both in terms of reach and volume.  [31]  Fergusson argues that the approach to youth offending became a melting pot of contradictions, ideals and ideologies where a hybrid model emerges which encompasses a dissected mix of restorative and retributive values.  [32]  Fergusson correctly identifies that the way governments present policy rhetorically, how they codify it legally, and how those policies are played out in practice are critically different facets of the policy process in the management of crime.  [33]   Successive governments have responded to the social causes of youth crime in various ways throughout the last five decades, in particular the latest strategy employed a double edged sword which leans heavily on punitive punishment for adult offenders with a more welfarist approach in dealing with youth offenders.  [34]  Restorative justice undoubtedly represents one of the most significant developments in criminal justice and criminological practice and thinking over the past two decades.  [35]  It is arguably the social movement for criminal justice reform of the 1990s and into the new millennium.  [36]   Empirical evidence emanating from America, Australia and New Zealand indicate that where the use of restorative justice is prevalent for young offenders, there has been success at reducing youth offending rates and a reduction in repeat offending resulting in greater effectiveness at dealing with youth crime and the social causes of crime.  [37]   The net effect of these new policies aimed at the reduction of youth crime and tackling the social causes of crime represent a more integrated approach by the state to manage youth offending rates. The policies acknowledge the failures of the previous strategies of strict punitive punishment as a deterrent for further offences. The approach of incorporating restorative values, although arguable only at the fringes of the youth justice system, represents a more inclusive justice system which takes into account mechanisms to address the social causes of youth offending.

Investigating the Preparation and Properties of Dies :: Dyeing Investigations Dye Essays

Investigating the Preparation and Properties of Dies Aim: To investigate the preparation and properties of dies. Introduction - Dyeing is a process of colouring materials, such as textile fibres, so that the colouring matter becomes an integral part of the fibre. Dyes, or ‘dyestuffs’, are soluble compounds that can be either absorbed and retained by the fibre or chemically combined with it. Dyes are generally fast, that is, they retain their colour in the fibre throughout the textile-making process and under exposure to normal wear, including sunlight, water, and detergent washing. (Textile dying) - Dyes can be classified as either natural or synthetic. The only natural dye still used on a large scale is logwood, which imbues silk, wool, cellulose acetate, and nylon with a deep black colour. With the exception of a few inorganic materials used in special processes, all dyestuffs used in textile applications are synthetic organic chemicals.  · Information taken from Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2003 Preliminary Work About this topic, an experiment to evaluate how quickly a dye can spread in water and the reactions between the dye and bases and acids, called Chromatography has been carried out. When beetroots were mixed with hot water, the dye spread out quicker and was brighter than with cold water, due to the fastness of moving molecules in the hot water. No real conclusion was established however, for the experiment was done to give a fair idea of how dyes ‘work’. Prediction My prediction is that if the amount of water in the die is reduced, the die will be stronger, and if it is increased, the die will become weaker. I also think that with salt as a mordant, the cloth will become dyed more quickly than with sugar or with no mordant at all. As my variable is the type of mordant, I predict that the dye colour will be stronger with salt and weaker with no mordant. Equipment List The apparatus used will be:  · Coffee, Red Cabbage and Red wine (to carry out experiment)  · Board Cleaning Cloth (to place dye in)  · Salt and sugar (as fixatives, to grip dye to fabric)  · Measuring cylinder (to measure amount of water, dyes and mordant)  · Old pot (to dye fabrics in)  · Gloves (So that hands do not interfere with the experiment, and not to stain them)  · Beaker (To grind dye sources in)  · Thermometer (to measure the temperature of water)  · Scale (To measure the mass of the dyes and fixatives)  · Stopwatch (To count the simmering time) Carrying out the Investigation  · Material (dye source) is broken into small pieces in the beaker (or

Logic and Moral Dilemmas Essay -- Logical Philosophy Philosophical Pap

Logic and Moral Dilemmas ABSTRACT: Logic is of great importance for the philosophy of education. In particular, logic provides a rational and critical approach in ethics, helping us understand the nature of moral dilemmas. Some suggest that all moral dilemmas result from some kind of inconsistency in the moral rules. Unsolvable moral situations simply reflect implicit inconsistencies in our existing moral code. If we are to remain moral as well as logical, then we must restore consistency to our code. This is accomplished by adding exception clauses to current principles, and giving priorities to some principles over others, or by some other device. I argue that we must accept moral dilemmas as an essential part of real-life reality on the grounds that some moral statements concern values. According to Moore's "axiological thesis," whether these statements are true depends on two factors: the set of alternatives from which we make an evaluation, and the scale of values with which we rate them. Also, it is po ssible that a given alternative is no better than another in some respect. Furthermore, there is no respect in which they are equally good or equally bad (the so-called "Condorcet's effect"). Thus, we must accept moral dilemmas as real rather than apparent. Among all the spheres of philosophy of education logic is of great importance. In particular it is logic that provides the rational and critical approach in ethics. So logic help us to understand the nature of moral dilemmas. It has been suggested that all moral dilemmas result from some kind of inconsistency in the moral rules. So our being faced with unsolvable moral situation merely reflected an implicit inconsistency in our existing moral code and that we forced... ...sibus perplexis// Th. Hobbes. A dialogue between a philosopher and a student for the common laws of England. Leibniz G.W. Specimen difficultatis in jure seu dissertatio de casibus perplexis. Doctrina conditiorum. De legum interpretatione/ Ed. by T.Ascarelli. Milano: Giuffre, 1960.P.267-302. 5. Lemmon E.J. Moral Dilemmas// Moral Dilemmas/ Ed. by Christopher W. Gowans. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.P.101-114. 6. Lemmon E.J. Deontic Logic and the Logic of Imperatives// Logique et Analyse. 1965. Vol. VII. No.2. P.39-61. 7. Moore G.E. Principia Ethica. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press, 1960. 8. Rescher N. Ethical Idealism: An Inquiry into the Nature and Function of Ideals. Berkeley,etc.:University of California Press, 1987. 9. Schlesinger G.N. The Sweep of Probability. Notre Dame & London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way. Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way.

As Good as It Gets Summary

As Good As It Gets, a movie about a man with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has many interesting aspects to an abnormal psychology student. â€Å"Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). † (Berger, 2012) There have been several unproven propositions as to what causes OCD including head injuries and infections.Those who have obsessive-compulsive disorder have been know to obtain certain signs and symptoms. This including excessive counting, disturbance from germs, excessive validity checking of actions such as turning off the stove, and of course obsessions and compulsions that result in major distress of their life. (Berger) In the movie, As Good As It Gets, Melvin experiences all the above symptoms in addition to many more. Not only did Melvin turn the lock on the door five plus times every time he came in the door, he also flipped the light switch five plus times.As far as Melvin’s fear of germs, he was not at all fond of being touched by anyone and also did not trust to use silverware in restaurants. He would bring packaged plastic ware to use. When Melvin would wash his hands, he would use only hot water and only use a bar of soap for about 5 to 10 seconds. He would then throw the bar of soap away and retrieve a new one from his overly stocked medicine cabinet. His home was untouchably organized and he for the majority of the movie he wouldn’t allow anyone other than himself to enter his home. Melvin did not take being interrupted lightly, especially while working.He has no tolerance for people and didn’t hide that aspect in any way. He said what was on his mind without hesitation or worry of upsetting anyone or hurting his or her feelings. Melvin ate at the same restaurant at the same time every day. He would then sit at the exact same table and de mand to have the same waitress. If someone happened to be sitting at â€Å"his† table, he would, without a second thought, speak rudely to them until they left. He would position his plastic ware very specifically and had no patience towards the restaurant employees.Some other obsessions/compulsions Melvin faced were that he avoided stepping on any cracks in his path including brick walkways and also while putting on his shoes he would tap each side of his shoes with each foot before putting them on. It’s hard to say how Melvin â€Å"dealt with† his disorder. It was clear that he avoided socializing with those around him assuming because he did not want them to throw off his routine of interfere with his life and how he lived it. It could be that this is how he dealt with OCD.Another possibility is that he simply followed his day-to-day routine to avoid change and that’s what made his life easier. In fact, this is a major possibility as Melvin was receivi ng therapy but could not remain persistent in his appointments due to the fact that his therapy appointments messed up his daily routine. Melvin seemed to get by on the simple aspect of seeing his waitress everyday at the restaurant. Towards the end of the movie when Melvin had other people in his apartment it seemed to have set something off in him that caused him to act differently.An example being: when he forgot to lock the door when he brought someone else into his apartment. When he went to leave his apartment and noticed he had forgotten to lock the door, he was shocked. OCD has been linked biologically to â€Å"abnormal functioning by specific regions of the brain. † (Comer, 2013) The orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei are part of a brain circuit that takes sensory information beginning in the orbitofrontal cortex and where simple impulses derive and those impulses are sent to the caudate nuclei where they are filtered by importance (based on how powerful the impulse is).If the impulses seem to be â€Å"important† they are sent to the thalamus to be acted upon. (Comer) It is obvious that if the filter (the caudate nuclei) is not functioning properly then unnecessary impulses will be sent to the thalamus for further thinking and unnecessary actions will be made. Some antidepressant medications that increase serotonin activity have been found to improve cases of OCD. (Comer) People who develop OCD have been known to blame themselves for their compulsions, obsessions, and antagonizing thoughts.They have anxiety caused by thinking something bad will happen if they don’t perform these actions. People with OCD also experience depression brought on by the constant thoughts and needing perfection. One form of treatment for this cognitive problem would be to attempt to neutralize the thoughts. Neutralizing is â€Å"a person’s attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right inter nally, making up for the unacceptable thoughts. (Comer)Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a very common anxiety disorder, which causes people to have repetitive unwanted thoughts and actions. It varies in its severity but in most cases it is treatable. The most popular forms and most effective forms of treatment are medication and therapy. There are many theories on causal factors but none to be proven yet. References Berger, F. K. (2012, March 03). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Retrieved from www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov Comer, R. J. (2013). Abnormal psychology. (8th ed. ). New York, NY: Worth Publishers

Adaptation of Robotic Arachnid in the Tropical Rainforest

This paper actually presents ways of making a robotic arachnid adapt easily to the rainforest region, i. e. creating navigational algorithms that would enable the robot survive the rainforest when autonomously driven. According to a recent study, the robot to be built would get its adaptation features from an animal that easily adapts to its surroundings in the rainforest region like the amazon or thereabout; the model that would be created for the robot would be such that it would make use of the animal’s gait style and movement. This animal’s gait style and way of adapting to its surrounding would provide aid in creating the navigation algorithms necessary for the robot’s movement. From a study conducted by the crew from www. destination360. com, a list of animals that actually easily adapt to the rainforest is listed below; it is from this list that a an animal would be picked and a navigational algorithm would be created and used to help the gait style of the robot. This is the largest and most powerful member of the Amazon cats, the jaguar is revered locally as being a matchless hunter. It is leanly built and stealth in action. The jaguar is the King of the Amazonian food chain- it is best spotted in the forest area, near a stream, close to nightfall-this is also the time it mostly hunts for its prey. Its preferred habitats in the rainforest are the swampy and wooded regions in the rainforest. Some of the walking traits of the Jaguar are that it stalks and ambushes its prey, it is a very good climber, they enter water freely, active during the day, they hunt mainly at night and on the ground. They are also very swift hunters. The Jaguars are extremely powerful and the same power applies for their bite too. They are the second strongest of all mammals. One of the things we can take out the Jaguar in order to model the robot to be built, since the Jaguar has adaptive features such as its powerful limbs and agility in climbing tree trunks. Theory behind Jaguar The job to be done is to model the Jaguar’s gait style to suit the rainforest region. To do this we create a suitable control algorithm for the rainforest, therefore suitable regions would need to be accessed, like the marshy, sandy and other types of terrains with fallen logs of wood lying in the forest. We would like to make sure and robot to be built would have close to the same characteristics of the Jaguar. -It is usually located near water so it would be able to swim and navigate the aquatic terrain of the rainforest. -It is a cautious animal. It usually stalks and ambushes its prey. -It has a short and sturdy limb structure, which makes it adept for climbing, swimming and crawling. -It has a short and sturdy physique and thus easily fits in to adapt to its environment. Our robot should be strong enough to withstand the rigours of rainforest, so by studying the speed-torque characteristics of the actuators on the robot, to see if it will be strong enough to adapt to the rainforest, just like the Jaguar. The robot to be built would make use of legged locomotion for its movement givig it an edge in some terrains in the rainforest. What to be done is to study how it adapts to the rainforest. In creating these algorithms, once the path is known, a full body trajectory is drawn and with these an algorithm can be drawn. Observation I have discovered that to create algorithms, a full body trajectory starting with the trajectory for each leg is drawn or calculated using Inverse Kinematics such that the robot to be built would walk and keep balance (static stability analysis) at the same. Since robots walk according to a prescribed trajectory for a particular region errain to be studied (the rainforest being the preferred region). Trajectories are acquired by experience or some optimization. The Tapir This is another animal that can be found in the rainforest, their preferred habitat is the dense rainforest. According to a recent study done by a carnival-in-Brazil team, they are rarely found in mountainous regions. One of the oldest Brazilian Amazon animals, the tapir is the world’s most primitive animal. It is an animal that has short legs, so in order to model the hexapod robot; one good question to be asked is; how does it adapt easily to the rain forest? Other animals in the rainforest that adapt easily are the †¢Apes or Orangutans, †¢Piranhas †¢The vampire bat †¢The Tucuxi and Boto Dolphin †¢The manatee (water ox).

Prom as a Rite of Passage

Cody Guilday English 105 Prof. Wheat 10/22/12 The Senior Prom: A Rite of Passage The United States is known throughout the world to be a place in which there are many cultures and customs mixing and colliding. One thing that each culture has in abundance is rites of passage, whether it is Births, Bat Mitzvahs, Quinces, or graduation. Each right of passage is an event that signifies a transition in a person’s life. Senior Prom is a rite of passage for young men and women that is indicative of their transition from teenagers to young adults.It is meant to be a celebration of the high school experience; the last hurrah. A gathering of friends who have spent four years of their adolescence together, figuring out who they are as persons. The reason Prom has become such a rite of passage as opposed to just another dance, comes from the notion that it is an event that cannot be missed. When referring to the high school experience, prom and graduation are the two events that are most commonly brought up. They are universal to all graduated students, yet unique to each individual.The identity of the individual as being a part of their graduating class is why the prom is so important. Although prom is intended to be an all-inclusive experience, the event has become factionalized due to materialism, social status, and willingness to participate in consumption of alcohol. The fact that prom has become commercialized is causing some to be excluded from certain aspects of the prom and sometimes from the entire prom event. The prom event is supposed to include everyone in the graduating class.But the increased prices and concentration on the material aspect is leaving out those who are unable to afford it. In Ann Anderson’s High School Prom: Marketing, Morals, and the American Teen, she points to prom magazines and other advertisers like Seventeen as the reason for commercialism in proms (119). She also states that the average amount spent for prom per family in America in 2010 was about 1000 dollars (115). According to an article from the Huffington Post, the prom industry is valued at four billion dollars. Additionally, the article claimed that the average amount spent on prom this ear in the northeast region was just shy of two thousand dollars (Krupnick). Prices like these are far out of the reach of many families, which leaves them with only a few options. Some parents decide that the event is so important that they will spend beyond their means for the sake of their children’s prom. Others have to take this price tag into consideration. In this case, the students are often left out of things like limo rides, pictures, and after parties. Although they are still part of the prom itself, they are left out of much of what is important to the â€Å"prom experience†.Being left out of these aspects can have an impairing affect on the individual’s sense of identity. It is not just the fact that they are left out the limo ride or the after party. When asked about the event, or when it is talked about after, they are unable to partake in much of the conversation. This is also true for those who do not partake in the prom at all because of the price. Although this is less common, many consider the price of proms to be too steep. Missing the prom is considered a huge deal socially and could be detrimental to the identity of the individual as the community sees it.Over the years, the focus of prom has shifted from the elegant, romantic event it once was to a concentration on teenage alcohol consumption, drug use, and sex. In Ann Anderson’s book High School Prom: Marketing, Morals, and the American Teen, Ann gives a detailed account of the history of the prom event. She claims that prom was originally created to be â€Å"the democratic debutante ball†, referring to an elegant event, which is accessible to all regardless of economic status (Anderson 7). Although originally this may have been the case, it is clear that it is no longer the case today.For starters, as seen before, prom is no longer accessible to all. Although the event itself is still very elegant, the focus has been shifted. It has become a social competition. Many prom-goers worry more about the after party than the event. They see the prom as a stepping stone to the after party, where they are able to drink, do drugs, and have sex without being seen by the prying eyes of parents. This further divides the senior group. On one hand there are those who want to drink, do drugs, and have sex.On the other hand, there are people who would like to be included in the after party in order to get the entire prom experience, but are excluded because they do not drink. For these people who are excluded, the identity of being part of a larger, inclusive community is often ruined. Additionally, it adds to the individual identity as a â€Å"partier† or â€Å"non-partier† often at the expense of those who choose not to drink or do drugs. According to The National Highway Safety Administration, 53% of students reported to have had more than 4 drinks (â€Å"Prom Night Statistics†).That splits a given senior class almost directly down the middle. But the divide is not just based on alcohol. Because the whole senior class cannot attend the same after party, it becomes a matter of social status. This is perhaps the most divisive aspect of the prom and the most destabilizing to the identity of certain individuals. It boils down to two types of people; those who are invited, and those who are not. The community sees those who are not invited as less important and the individuals see themselves in a similar way because of this.Popularity is a huge part of one’s identity, especially in high school. Being that prom is one of the biggest nights of high school, being invited to pre-pictures or the after party is the ultimate show of popularity. In contrast to this, not being invit ed could seriously affect the identity of an individual in a negative way. Some argue that the prom event itself is still one that is inclusive for all, regardless of social or economical status. Although the event is advertised and intended to be this way, the fact is, societal pressures do not allow it.People may argue that there is a cheap way to go to prom without limos, expensive tuxedos or dresses, and no after party. It is plausible to do this but, because of social perception of prom, many feel that they would be marginalized if they did not have all of these aspects. Movies and television portrays the prom event as one in which it is necessary to be lavish. For people who do not have the means to do this, or do not wish to partake in after parties, the prom event becomes undesirable.The rite of passage of Senior Prom is highly important to all high school students. It is one that is looked forward to long before senior year and it is one that is talked about long after grad uation. Although it is meant to be an event for the entire Senior Class, many are left out of the experience because a lack of social or economic status. Not being a part of this event, or certain aspects of this event, causes to the individual to lose the identity of being a part of something greater.It is not just being a part of a senior class that is important to this rite of passage, but it is being a part of the social and educational community that is unique to their specific senior class. This feeling of being a part of a unique community is built up over the years and culminates at the senior prom. Exclusion from any part of this event causes individual to lose their sense of identity as a part of this community. Works Cited Anderson, Ann. High School Prom: Marketing, Morals, and the American Teen. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &, 2012. Print. Krupnick, Ellie. Prom Dresses, Prom Hairstyles, Prom Makeup: How Much Does Prom 2012 Cost? †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonP ost. com, 19 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Prom Night Statistics. †Ã‚  Statistic Brain. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . Works Consulted Best, Amy L. Prom Night: Youth, Schools, and Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2000. Print. Fleischer, Myra C. â€Å"Expensive Proms Increase Pressure on Teens to Have Sex. â€Å"Washington Times Communities. The Washington Times, 25 May 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.

Indian Folk and Tribal Dances Essay

India is a land of diverse cultures and traditions. Each region of the country has a unique culture, which is also prominently visible in its various art forms. Almost all the regions of the country have their specific folk music and dance, which proves to be a wonderful way of expression of their community and its traditions. Though these folk dances are not as complex as the classical dance forms, they are very beautiful, because of the essence of rawness in them. Be it the Bihu of Assam, Dol-Cholom of Manipur, Hikal of Himachal Pradesh or Chhau of Bihar, each of the Indian folk dance forms comes across as a reflection of the deep sited beliefs and traditions of a particular culture. The folk dances of any community are performed on almost every special occasion and festival, to express elation and joy. These dances are also considered to be auspicious by many of the tribal communities in the country. Many folk dances are dedicated to the presiding deity of the specific community. The most interesting part of a folk dance is the attire required for its performance. Every folk dance has its own specific costume and jewelry, which differs from dance to dance. They are, in general, very bright and colorful, with traditional jewelries that give a folk touch to the performance. These dances are not only the exclusive art of a particular community, but also an asset of India’s cultural heritage. In our related section, we have discussed the different folk dances of India.

WK Secondary Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WK Secondary Data - Essay Example It facilitates in making primary data more specific as gaps and deficiencies within primary data are taken care of through already available secondary data. As an example, secondary data assists in the comprehension of a problem and also provides a basis for comparison of the data that has in essence been collected for the purpose of research (Kiel, 1984). On the other hand, secondary data also has its fair share of disadvantages. Secondary data might not fit within different frameworks and hence the customized feel that primary data can offer seems missing at times. Thus the marketing research been done under such concerns comes out to be improper and inadequately drawn. At times, the accuracy and genuineness of secondary data might not be authenticated and thus there is a great amount of concern with regards to the market researchers under this facet (Ghauri, 2005). Lastly, as an example, secondary data might be outdated for researches done in the past, which is quite a significant issue when one understands how secondary data can fail within certain research

THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP - Essay Example espite all considerations, leaders are also believed to be people with special innate characteristics that actually make them leaders, those who obtain certain personal qualities such as extraversion, intelligence, ability to interact with one’s followers. Moreover, leaders are good in sharing responsibility with others in order to enable each team member contribution to the construction of common goal by means of understanding the relationships. Therefore, leadership becomes the task that involves relation and interaction between the people involved into common business and which realize the companys objectives and the way how to reach them. In such relational role, leader is no more a single executor, but one becomes a co-creator of what the team, department or community wants to create. Besides, modern leader is not just a person who controls the performance of certain processes, however, one possesses a role of mentor and coach with the ability and skills to involve employ ees in the development of something, thus provides them advice, opens new developmental opportunities and possibilities for discussing and search of possible consensus. With the task role of cultivator, leaders work to ensure good business environment where people would be able to create and diversify ideas and decisions. It means that if a team has such a helper or facilitator of the process, the members would impose upon leader’s decisions and would try to participate in the dialogue providing partnership, giving creativity and discovering innovation (Pless & Maak, 2004). The following paper will investigate some of the leadership principles that can assist in the future performances; the relationship between the guiding principles of leadership will also be discovered. The role of leaders in not exaggerated in the modern business environment due to the multifacing that one should be. The ability to persuade others, make proper decisions in a tough conditions, knowing how to resolve

Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Analysis - Essay Example Today Systems Insurance fulfills its commitment made to customers by providing auto, home, life and business insurance rooted in the founding values ofhonesty, affordability, and service on the basis that our customers come first. We offer products that will protect you without any hidden surprises. Together with a large network of independent insurance agents Systems Insurance serves more than 5 million insurance Customers in 16 states as well asCosta Rica, and the District of Columbia. With our agents, we continue to carry out the company’s founding purpose: Our Customers know we will work to go the distance to help them with their insurance needs and to recover after any monetary loss. That may be the reason behind System Insurance retaining over 92 percent of Customers, year after year. The following is meant as a guideline to help while implementing a new business innovation, to help the organization evolve and grow through the efficiency and productivity of both Agents and customers. As with most, if not all insurance companies, Systems Insurance wishes to remain profitable while implementing innovative, products, and technology. Increase revenue without increasing the rate of our policies. At Systems Insurance, our company revolves around our dedicated Agents. Our daily goal is to maintain and improve the effectiveness of policies in order to help Agents bring in new customers. Agents depend on the effectiveness of the technology we provide, by providing the best technology we help to ensure we continue to offer the highest levels of customer service Systems Insurance will continue to grow to compete with the largest of Insurance companies. The growth of Systems Insurance Agents has led to a large push in the number of Policy Holders we hold today, as well as the overall organizational footprint. Systems Insurance runs a strict risk management plan,

20th Century Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

20th Century Humanities - Essay Example Artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque challenged the conventional methods of painting in perspective that was practised since the Renaissance. They came up with a new way of seeing things in the modern age, known as Cubism and it was the first form of Abstract Art. As the phenomenon of Cubism moved on to other parts of the Europe, it took different forms and names e.g. Futurism in Italy and Expressionism in Germany. In this way, Art took on different forms and names as new concepts developed and artists from different regions of the world contributed to the development and evolution of Art. This is a continual process that has moved on from the Twentieth century to the Twenty-first century. Hence, the importance of 20th century Art cannot be refuted, as the foundations of contemporary and future art have their roots back there. The Twentieth Century is also phenomenal in the development of cross-cultural art, which is the basis of globalization today. The invincible barriers between different cultures were broken down and the cultural values were assimilated; thus the cultural scene took on a new shape. Harlem Renaissance was one such phenomenon during the 1920’s when the African-American culture found new definition and dimension. It heralded the liberation of the oppressed and suppressed Negroes and they discovered new ways of self expression. This is exactly what the world shall desire in the future- liberation of man and assimilation of cultures in order to give birth to a global culture. For the first time in history, an attempt was made in developing a universal culture to promote harmony and encourage mutual cooperation. For those who look forward to the developments in arts and literature in the future can understand the relationship between man, society and Arts by studying 20th Century Humanities.

Research Methods and Methodologies in Accounting and Management Essay

Research Methods and Methodologies in Accounting and Management - Essay Example August Comte was the philosopher, which coined the term positivism and linked it with empiricism, which believes that authentic knowledge can only be gained with the help of our senses, human experience, and verification. Positivist researchers aimed at creating mechanisms with which they could develop hypothesis, test them in a manner, which helps them to predict the future occurrences or behavior (Scott & Morrison, pp. 314-316, 2006; Cohen, pp. 124-125, 2007). The positivist research approach is also known as the scientific approach where the logical of inquiry is based on reason, facts, and experiences. Holding knowledge of anything, which is beyond the human experience or which cannot be observed or measured, is impossible (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008). For example, in his research and studies, the focus of B. F. Skinner was on observing the predicting the positive and negative reinforces of behavior and he went on to avoid all other cultural, human and social factors which can impact the process since it is not possible to observe, measure and predict them (Phillimore & Goodson, pp. 209-211, 2004). Moreover, positivist researcher avoid the subjective state of individuals because they think that humans are passive and reactive to the external stimuli, which makes their thinking and behavior predictable and unworthy of attention. This not only dehumanizes the human beings but also makes them unworthy of free will (Zalan & Lewis, pp. 507-508, 2004). Positivist researchers go on to believe that the entire universe is working on specific principles of cause and effect. Moreover, in order to uncover the truth, the researcher should try to find those cause and effect link and use that to predict the future events, occurrences, and behaviors (McNiff & Whitehead, pp. 10-12, 2000; Creswell, pp. 235-236, 2009). Positivist research methods include experimental research and descriptive research. As the name suggests, experimental research occurs when the res earchers deliberately manipulate certain factors under highly controlled and monitored conditions (Johnson & Christensen, pp. 346-347, 2010; Cohen, pp. 124-125, 2007). Quite understandably, the purpose remains to highlight links between variables while manipulating different factors. Under the umbrella of descriptive research, researchers use surveys, case studies, developmental studies, corelational studies, trend studies, and others (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008; Scott & Morrison, pp. 314-316, 2006). Critical Research Methodology On the other hand, critical researchers hold the belief that social reality has its roots in history and although, people may try to change themselves and their reality but in the process of the doing so they find themselves faced with various social, economic, cultural and political barriers. It was Jurgen Habermas, one of the leading German philosophers of the 21st century, who deserves the credit for developing and nurturing this approach in the field of social sciences and research in order to explore the historical forces, which have the power of restrict the human freedom and justice in the society (Creswell, pp. 235-236, 2009). Karl Marx, Georg Hegel, Paulo Freire, and others have also played an important role in development of this theory (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008; Zalan & Lewis, pp. 507-508, 2004). Like the interpretativists, critical researchers also address and acknowledge the fact that the element of subjectivity is present in observations but

Problems related to information management Essay

Problems related to information management - Essay Example Though organizations tend to spend a major proportion of their budgetary allocations on maintaining, updating and renewing their information infrastructure, they many a times fail to address the human factors associated with information management (Smith 19). In that context, information literacy could be deemed to be a central aspect of managing information at the workplace. A failure to initiate the employees into the basics and fundamentals of information management could expose them to a plethora of problems like an overload of information, problems faced owing to a lack of ability to locate and retrieve the required and right information, anxiety faced owing to a lack of cognizance of the essentials of information management, inadequacy in the requisite skills required to share the necessary information, day to day issues culminating into misinformation or disinformation, incumbent time constraints, and the like. Hence, to facilitate the smooth accomplishment of information mana gement at the work place, it is necessary that the organizations do invest in training the associated personnel in the requisite skills such as networking, time management, information analysis, data mining, team work, computer skills, online networking, resource management, etc so that they may be able to exploit information as a key to the overall organizational success. A lack of information literacy and improper information management at the workplace could hamper productivity in multiple ways (Milner 4). It could not only lead to a loss of the much precious time in searching and finding the right information but could inevitably be accompanied by various debilitating human ramifications like a commensurate rise in the employee frustration and stress incurred owing to the wastage of scarce resources. It could also slow down the progress at the work place owing to a lack of the required information as and when it is

Amenorrhea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amenorrhea - Case Study Example This paper will discuss a case study that involves a 30-year-old female whose has secondary amenorrhea for six months. Prior to being diagnosed with the disorder, she presented with periods of irregular cycles and dysmenorrhea. Thus, the paper will discuss the pathophysiology of the disorder and it possible causes in relation to irregular cycles and dysmenorrhea. Amenorrhea is a menstrual disorder that refers to the absence of menstruation in a woman who had been previously having their normal menstrual cycle. Secondary is used to refer to menstruation that had previously occurred at least for some period but stopped for a period of six months or longer due to some reasons. In order for the woman to be diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea, they must miss their menstrual period for a period of at least three to six months without being pregnant (Heiman, 2009). The most significant contributing factors include the use of birth control pills, certain medications and stress that also have been associated to cause dysmenorrhea (painful cramping) and irregular cycles. The most common reason as to why a woman will miss their period is as a result of pregnancy. However, it should be noted that pregnancy, menopause and breastfeeding are not classified as causes of the disorder. Secondary amenorrhea is not harmful to the patients’ health as it c an be treated effectively in the majority of the cases according to the pathophysiology. Thus, it is important for the health care practitioner to address the underlying condition causing the menstrual disorder to ensure that optimal health of the woman is regained (Klein & Poth, 2013). The hypothalamus is involved in generating the gonadotropin-releasing hormones that are responsible for stimulating the pituitary gland to produce the gonadotropins i.e. the Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle- stimulating hormone into the blood stream. These gonadotropins are important in

Life Is a Dream Essay Example for Free

Life Is a Dream Essay Historical background: Spain was united after the Moorish occupation (711-1400s). However, it also left Spain as a cultural powerhouse in Europe which was still largely medieval in 15th century. Spanish philosophers and scholars exerted strong influence and their craftsmen were well known across Europe. Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain and by 1492 expelled the Moors entirely form the country. They were determined to Christianize Spain and instituted the Inquisition to hunt down and punish heretics/in addition to the Moors tey expelled all the Jews from the country. Influences from both the Moors and Catholics are evident in the Spanish drama: Moorish heritage in the attitude towards women and honor; Catholic influence-religious faith and doctrine-God and church. Spain was the dominant world power for almost two centuries-1492 expansion and occupation of many lands in America, Africa parts of Europe-Portugal, Sicily, Netherlands. This gave the nation a sense of stability, confidence, energy-also evident in the theater. Religious drama-auto sacramentale- were extremely popular and performed regularly even after they had become obsolete in the rest of Europe. Professional troupes were organized for this purpose-best writers were hired to write them. They were produced on carts (carros) roughly 16 feet long and 36 feet tall-thus having two levels. Eventually they used 4 carros as a permanent stage-actors were reharsing for a long time and were presenting for the city council before the performance could get approved for the public. Autos were performed for 200 years until the decline in mid 1700s By the end of the 16th century-several dramatic geners appeared Comedia-3 act dramas or comedies. Cape and Sword-about lowly gentlemen and Cuerpo (Noise) about kings and mythological characters, saints-actions in remote places. Lope de Vega 1562-1635- One of the most famous and prolific playwrights-a nobleman, soldier, businessman, lover and finally a priest. He wrote over 1600 plays some-450 have survived. Often compared to Shakespeare, he did not have the depth and insight into human nature-he preferred to end plays with happy endings-looking at the positive side. Pedro Calderon de La Barca 1600-1681 Wrote about 200 plays of which a 100 survived. He wrote â€Å"Cape and Sword† comedies-love triangles that are happily resolved. He also wrote serious plays about jealousy and honor. Most famously he wrote a number of autos-his were the most popular and the form declined after his death. LIFE IS A DREAM 1636 A philosophical allegory about the human situation and the mystery of life. It is a tragi-comedy-has elements of both. All major characters suspended between different duties-promises and expectations of what is to be done. Clotaldo has a duty to kill anyone who sees Segismundo but also can not kill his own daughter—as his duty is to protect her. Sgismundo kills his helpers the rebels as he has a duty to the kingdom. As in a classical comedy everyone gets married at the end but the couples are strange or unexpected-Segismundo marries Estrella instead of Rosaura-she marries Astolfo as he has ruined her honor. Analogies Dreams to theater as theater to life Dreams to life as life to afterlife Basilio is rebuked in the play as he wants to find out his fate-only God knows your fate. Women were allowed on stage from the end of the 16th century. Cross-dressing was forbidden so Rosaura appears as a half-monster-half-male, half female clothing.

Fashion work Essay Example for Free

Fashion work Essay During last February 2009 F/W New York fashion week, I had met uncountable number of people and cultures but on reflection, all the memories have been torn apart. Probably     because of my bad memory but I also was drunk on my cold medication. The last day when Ralph Lauren collection was on, that morning was even harder than others. When I was in agony between leaving the room or not, I remember that Korean PR manager told me about that Ralph Lauren wanted to say hi to Korean press people that time. Finally, I got into my clothes like a dying snail and got to the collection place right before the show started. While I was actually put opposite with his runway, I   Ã‚  envy   Ã‚  his talent and time which allows him to keep changes the way he wants. If any one can be like him, growing older may not be such a bad idea. After the show, Ralph Lauren waves his hand to people and literally all the people stood up to give him applause. Ralph Lauren, wearing white shirts with definite Ralph Lauren vest worn with vintage looking casual pants, was a lot order but better than the one that I used to remember. Like he was proving, that style is not something you try, it is something you live with. His face and style flows together like a story. After almost all people have left, he was walking up to Korean presses with kind smile on his face. Then, he gave a handshake with each and every one of us. I don’t remember what exactly we’ve talked about but I certainly remember how soft his hand was. It was hard to believe that he 40 years of Ralph Lauren has passed that hand. Just because I’ve met the fashion legend Ralph Lauren my self, my choice of that morning was very smart. If we go back 40 years of his life, how would young Ralph Lauren be? Passionate fashion issue maker just like the Marc Jacobs or Alexander Wang now days? If we fast forward the video of last 40 years of Ralph Lauren, the base is as same as current Ralph Lauren. â€Å"When I was young, I saw a pair of beautiful blue suede shoes every day on my way to school. Of course I didn’t have money to buy that right away so I waited to my birthday and I’ve got it. As time goes by, I became an adult but my mind is still just like a boy who wants something from the show window. It is only that something is not a suede shoes any more, but excitements about wanting and expecting something is still same like the old days to me.† It doesn’t matter if the style is pastoral or modern, whether the inspiration is African or American; his pursuing images are always same. American style elegant woman from natural family of America. The only unreal thing is that there is no sadness and/or poverty. The reason why even his design does not board us even when they present above and beyond the time frame is that Ralph Lauren’s women are arranged in classic discrepancy as wearing safari jacket on top of beaded dresses or wearing motor cycle jacket with diamond earring. As a start, he launched neck tie business in 1967. As he launched his premium men’s wear in 1968, Ralph Lauren genuinely started to grow as a company. Now, Ralph Lauren has lines of women’s wears, children’s wears, accessories, home furnishing and perfume. Those lines are ‘Polo by Ralph Lauren’, ‘Ralph Lauren Purple label’, ‘Ralph Lauren Collection’, ‘Black Label’, ‘Blue Label’, ‘Lauren by Ralph Lauren’, ‘Polo jeans Co,.’. ‘RRL’, ‘RXL’, ‘Rugby’, ‘Ralph Lauren childrens’ wear’, ‘American living’, ‘Chaps’, ‘Club Monaco’ etc†¦ Him, who never studied in design, quit school and worked for Necktie Company. His co-worker’s mind and style was ordinary. But, he wore custom jacket that has huge collar and side spread. He liked to create his own style. And when he first built his own tie company, he did not make famous narrowed tie but made wide spread tie which would look great on stylish people like Duke Windsor from 1930’s magazine and/or movies. â€Å"We label the neck tie our selves to the nick tie I’ve designed with my wife Ricky and her parents. That label called Polo and that was our start.† His necktie became the must-have items to raise men’s integrity. Based on his necktie, he launched men’s wear brand name ‘Polo by Ralph Lauren’ to show the entire look of American’s classical style with chic European tailoring. â€Å"I like the I.V. league look. That is comfortable and traditional. When I started to design men’s wear I used classic items like navy blazer, wrap tie, saddle shoes. Old schools for instance the likes of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton inspire me all the time.† Along the way, Ricky was the biggest reason for him to be interested in design women’s wear. Ricky is the traditional English style woman who is his partner of life and biggest inspiration of creative ideas.