Death of a Hero, Written by R.Aldington

The content under investigation is taken from the novel â€Å"Death of a hero†, composed by Richard Aldington. The primary concentrate under investigation is passionate without anyone else. Regarding the principle topic of the novel the primary thought of the main concentrate is the portrayal of the excellence of things menaced by war. The primary is a delightful canvas of spring as observed by two youthful and touchy individuals in affection. Also, the subsequent one is remorseful creator's intervention about British nature and weakness of individuals of workmanship during the war. From the earliest starting point of the content we see this excellence, and when George and Elizabeth just entered the Bushey Park .They were actually stunned by the magnificence of the English nursery and nature. This suddenness is passed on to the peruser through the allegory â€Å"sudden happiness of delight†. We understand how delicate and lovely they are, and how unobtrusively they feel this enjoyment. Also, the entire content, with its exceptionally enthusiastic jargon, musicality and brilliant depictions sounds increasingly like a sonnet. What's more, we can discover the demonstrate in the following couple of sentences. The depiction of the nursery is fanciful, as though we can see it through our own eyes. This impact is made with an assistance of certain grammatical structure.Many sentences starting with adverbials of spot: â€Å"Between the wall†¦ and another long high wall†¦ â€Å", â€Å"Underfoot†¦ â€Å", â€Å"There†¦ â€Å", â€Å"Among them†¦ â€Å", coordinating our look and welcoming the peruser to appreciate all the exquisiteness of the sight. The selection of words is likewise exceptionally rich and idyllic in this piece of the concentrate. For example, â€Å"†grandiose scale†, â€Å"innumerable bulbs†, â€Å"great common trees†, â€Å"vast fans† help to show the wonder of the nature , to stress the shading the creator utilizes for the most part coupled appellations, for example, â€Å"glittering green-and-gold foliage†, â€Å"the stouter green of wild plants†, â€Å"tender blue sky†, â€Å"white and blue blossoms† and numerous others.All these make an obvious landscape of the nursery. For the larger part the sobriquets or characteristics indicating shading, are joined with similitudes portraying the states of the blossoms: â€Å"pale hearts† of the lilacs, â€Å"foam of white and blue blossoms†. An entire group of representations is committed to the wild daffodil: â€Å"the delicate, thin yellow trumpet†, â€Å"a pointed ruff of white petals†, â€Å"gold head†. Additionally, to make considerably more visional landscape the creator utilizes analogy all the time in this piece of the extract.And he thinks about the grass to a night sky and the blossoms to stars, the red tulips to air pockets of dull wi ne, and the huge parti-hued gold and red tulips are supposed to be â€Å"noble and dismal like the imperial flag of Spain† . The hues are exceptionally warm and delicate, advertisement its totally not the same as the hues that would be utilized in the following part. The selection of words is surprising for their vibrant quality (foliage, unfurl, verdure, alert, grave, flag and so on ). The entry is especially wealthy in descriptors with using similar sounding words (thin, hardened stem; sparkling green-and-gold foliage; lost in the rich herbs).The similar sounding word usages are predominantly founded on the l-and r-sounds. These highlights make the section especially melodic. To make a similar melodic impact the creator utilizes the reversal. These expressive gadgets make the climate of agreement, magnificence and wonder. With the words â€Å"English spring flowers† the second piece of the content beginnings. What's more, we can hear profound respect and lament in th is words. The change from the mind-set of delicate enjoyment to that of trouble and strain is quick. Enthusiastic words invading the section change their key; they are hardship, harshness, despair, disheartening, distressed, shocking, foul, regretful.The creator simply restricted the serene magnificence of nature and the sharpness and despondency in the realm of men. This sharp difference makes the air of despondency and in this sentence â€Å"What a solution to our ludicrous â€Å"cosmic woe†, how helpful, what a delicate rebuke to sharpness and eagerness and sadness, what salve to hurt personalities! † we understand it much progressively clear that it is so superfluous to have war. What's more, the implication from Virgil's Aeneide shows to us that individuals should stop or they would have a similar fate as Troyans.Another differentiate, realized, is between the â€Å"bleak sky† and the â€Å"bleak race† of England and her lovely blossoms and artists . The last unfortunate non-serious inquiry is whether the planned vanquisher would â€Å"think remorsefully and gently of the blossoms and the poets†. Additionally, the presentiment of England's last ruin is worded as one increasingly old style citation. The expression: â€Å"fuit Ilium† is from Virgil's Aeneidethe entire line being: â€Å"Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium† which is the Latin for â€Å"We were Troyans: Troy was†, suggesting that it is currently no more.The sharp differences, just as the accentuation laid on the impact the fleeting second creates upon the legends' detects, the refined figurative symbolism contrasting things in nature with man-made objects of extravagance, †all these join to bring Aldington's assertion painting near the Impressionist school. The melodious power of Aldington's depictions to a great extent relies upon the mix of the direct imagistic strategy, I. e. introducing things in a progression of pictures genuinely subst antial and genuine †with the creator's own remarks, harsh or miserable.

Electrical Rotary Actuators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electrical Rotary Actuators - Essay Example Actuators are gadgets utilized for driving different kinds of articles to acquire an ideal measure of relocation. This relocation might be of a direct or rotating nature. The main thrust of an actuator might be produced by either an electrical, water driven or pneumatic information. The turning actuators talked about here, are worried about applications where a revolving uprooting with an ideal point of revolution is required, and utilize electrical vitality to create the main thrust. Development: The fundamental segments of an electric revolving actuator are an engine and a decrease gearbox component. Electric revolving actuators drive segments rotationally by means of electromagnetic force from an engine. The decrease gear interprets the speed and torque of the engine to the necessary scale. Reasonable damping and spring return components are additionally implicit. The rotational component can either be a pole or a table. Round shafts frequently incorporate keyways, while tables give a blasting example to mount different segments. They typically give control and ordering abilities to permit numerous position stops along strokes. Other assistant segments incorporate return springs, seals, limit switches for the two parts of the bargains, and so on. A basic revolving actuator model utilizing a DC engine is considered for the examination and investigation of the gadget. The DC engine legitimately gives a rotating movement. For down to earth application, this revolving removal is transmitted into appropriate transitional movement by joining a yield coupling system, comprising of wheels or drums and links. The figure 1 shows the electrical circuit of the armature, and the free body graph of the rotor of the DC motor.Electrical circuit of Armature Free body outline of rotor Figure 1. In the electrical circuit of the armature, the obstruction of the armature loop is spoken to by R in ohms, and the inductance is introduced by L in henrys. The info source is appeared as a voltage V. The back EMF delivered, is appeared as a voltage source, which contradicts the information source. For the rotor free body chart, the torque created is T and pivot point is . The impact existing apart from everything else of idleness of the rotor and damping technique utilized is additionally considered. The damping is given to keep away from huge overshoots of the rotational uprooting. With the end goal of test study, the accompanying estimations of different parameters are at first expected as: 1. Snapshot of Inertia of the rotor, ( J ) = 3.2284E-6 kg m^2/s^2. 2. Damping proportion of the mechanical framework, ( b ) = 3.5077E-6 Nms 3.

Research Paper on California Indians

Research Paper on California Indians History specialist Kenneth King said about California Indians: If they didn't have the capacity for association appeared by the Six Nation (Iroquois) in the Eastern piece of the United States, they were, all in all, youngster like and tender and ready to acknowledge the delicate guideline of the padres. The numbness of this announcement is astoundingly evident on the off chance that one ganders at the indigenous individuals of California and the Padres of the Spanish missions without the rose-hued glasses of a sentimental, euro-driven, show foreordain perspective that proposes mechanical, Christian social orders overcome all. The indigenous individuals of California were not a base people that expected to depend on the Spanish and subsequently the Spanish were not welcomed into their properties. As Costo stated, The Native Californians were in no way, shape or form crude; rather they were uniquely mind boggling trackers and accumulates. (Costo, pg 10) Kings explanation attempts to le gitimize the colonization, abuse and murder of the indigenous Californians by declaring that the locals were too sloppy to even think about resisting or some how welcoming to the padres. This affirmation, generally veils the approaches of institutional decrease and viable colonization that threatened the locals and hesitantly drove them inside the mission dividers for wellbeing, which lamentably harbored just more abuse. In his statement, King alludes to the Seneca individuals, an individual from the Iroquois League of Six Nations. They are one of only a handful not many clans to make due in America, unblemished right up 'til the present time on their genealogical land, as a result of their ceaseless warring with the Europeans. One could precisely express that they were not ready to acknowledge the standard of others, since they battled and held their territory. In actuality, one may not simply invert this rationale and hold it to the indigenous Californians. California Indians were not really ready to acknowledge the delicate principle of the padres since they couldn't prevent them from attacking. Similarly as the Polish individuals of present day Europe were not really ready to acknowledge Hitlers Nazi drove intrusion of their nation, to rehearse his comparable type of delicate standard. There is no sensible association that says if the locals were vanquished, than they probably had an ideal to be so. Truth be told, much proof will demonstrate the opposite. The announcement King made camouflages the genuine powers that drove Indians to the missions. The indigenous individuals of California that were constrained into the missions were driven by two fundamental elements decrease and colonization. The padres colonized the grounds and rehearsed the systematized strategy of decrease to change over the land, creatures, and locals to their lifestyle. Both colonization and decrease are a procedure established to usurp authority over a people, their property and their way of life. The most apparent type of decrease was the unmitigated burglary of land from the locals. A cleric and his troopers would involve the high ground in a zone and drive the Indians off to different families or into their missions. At that point they would lessen the quantity of encompassing towns by including them into the mission framework and gathering them together, closer to the mission. Military power sponsored every one of these tasks and as often as possible slaughtered the men of towns and took the ladies and kids for the mission framework. The arrangement of colonization and decrease likewise influenced the biology of the local land. The clerics would develop their own colonizer plants and touch their own colonizer creatures on the recently taken land. The presentation of European customary agribusiness diminished the measure of land the locals needed to get by off of and changed the local condition to new greenery, of which the locals didn't have the foggiest idea how to endure. The Spanish carried animals with them, for example, sheep and cows, which ate the indigenous grasses. Before long indigenous creatures, for example, hare and deer, couldn't discover food and their populaces were decreased. The locals were driven inside the mission dividers in light of rare indigenous greens and little game populaces. The colonizing padres likewise took on an arrangement to institutionally lessen the conventions, customs, culture, language, cultural norms and opportunity of the locals. Locals were sanctified through water after entering the strategic everlastingly restricting them to its entryways. A purified through water local would never leave. Many got away and were found and slaughtered by officers. Once in the mission they were power to go to Jesus. An alleged bucket cleaned God, which directed another arrangement of rules and spoke to mistreatment. The standards comprised of limiting unique language, supplication, medication or recorded presenting. The padres needed to totally freed the savages of their barbarian ways. They controlled each part of the locals, even their sexuality, which was restricted to the teacher position. The locals minds were washed of their way of life inside the missions. (Hurtado) Outside the missions the Spanish troopers obliterated assemblages of the locals through homicide, assault and the spreading of ailment. Ailments, for example, pneumonia and diphtheria spread among the individuals rapidly. Their bodies had no resistance to the remote infections and were hit particularly hard. The spread of sickness pushed the locals toward the Spaniards, searching for a fix. Numerous locals were taken to the missions upon their demise beds, in a final hotel to fix an European ailment. (Talk) A progressively unmitigated type of homicide was the butcher of people by the officers, who were overseen by the padres. The brutal padres and warriors would wreck, migrate, assault, breed and condition the locals. Regardless of whether it was the crown jewels of triumph or just weariness, assault was common. Murder was normal when over taking another town or going on the coast. As San Juan Batista composed, that whenever the Spanish passed two Santa Barbara the slaughtering of a couple of locals was unavoidable. (Lecture)(Hurtado) The indigenous individuals of California were not virtuous or in any case unsophisticated. Truth be told they had complex social gatherings that existed with correspondence for a great many years. When King depicts the locals as uncorrupt and chaotic, he proposes that they are a lower society and the evangelists felt the equivalent. Brawl Francisco Garces said Oh, what a huge heathendom!Oh what a heathendom so tame! (Costo, pg 10) As Rupert Costo brings up in The Indians Before the Invasion, The idea of farming was an essential for the advancement of development Native individuals were not crude, they has their own monetary framework. Cash was as dots. The Indian name for their cash is Koy. (Bean, pg 304) They had set up exchange courses and frameworks of giving products on to far off clans. Because they didn't industrialize creation or utilize European customary agribusiness didnð ¢t imply that assets were not sorted out. By and by Europeans consider innovation to be the bar of hum an progress, instead of looking at the offset a general public has with its environmental factors and its thriving through non-material eyes. As Kroebers maps call attention to, the locals in California were sorted out and had organized regional areas. Costo brings up that such states of regional soundness were commonly obvious all through California (Costo, pg 15) California was one of the most assorted places in the whole world, with numerous dialects, customs and religions. Local individuals figured out how to thrive, through regard and correspondence through nearby broad insight. Costo affirms this when he stated, the general public started to go through devices and set laws building up its administering bodies. (Costco, pg 18) They for the most part utilized common biological outskirts. As Tharon Weighhill stated, there was a mystery language called the Sylyux language, that picked individuals from a group would talk at intertribal gatherings. These gatherings examined neighborhood concerns and kept relations solid. They utilized correspondence and regard to allow each other to live. A case of this is shown when Benna e Calac, a Lesuno, talked about not meddling with George Zunigas individuals, the Kumia, when discussing present day neighborhood issues. She said that she would should not be instructing his kin. This epitomizes the equalization the families/clans had with one another. Lord utilizes the word tender to portray the local, since they didn't dismiss the Spaniards upon their first gathering. In all actuality the locals were tolerating to the new comers and they didn't war until after they were infringed upon. This resistance is an indication of a propelled society. They were inviting until there was reason not to be, similarly as another neighbor is today. I accept that King is utilizing a twisted feeling of cultural positioning to asses that tolerating an outsider or resilience is a defect. California locals fought back in numerous savage and profound uprisings and coming up next are only rundowns of a couple of the most popular: In 1775, the Kumayaay opposed Spanish standard and consumed their neighborhood Presidio. So as to do this, they searched out the Quchans, whom had progressively military information on the most proficient method to consume and assault the missions. The Kumayaay were fruitful in catching San Luis Jayme the padre in order. They murdered him in familiarize to executing a man had with black magic. The shot him with bolts and squashed the head. In contrast to the Spaniards, they didn't butcher the troopers and all others that lived in the mission. They just murdered the pioneer with the expectation that the crucial fall. Obviously the Spaniards sent another minister and Jayme turned into a Christian saint. By 1780, eight missions had been established, however not the slightest bit does that demonstrate a tolerant situation by locals. In 1781, the Quechan expelled the Spanish from the Colorado River flanking California. The Quechan had consented to give the Spanish access if the Quechan were disregarded, however indeed decrease was rehearsed by the padres. Gaining from the past the Quechan slaughtered all the Spaniards and never again could the Spanish colonize South Eastern Californi

Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity of Terminalia Belericabark Free Essays

The complete phenolic substance and all out flavonoid substance have additionally been resolved. The consequences of the current examination shows that the watery concentrate of TBB have cancer prevention agent action through the DPPH free radical rummaging movement. The primer phytochemical examination demonstrates the nearness of flavonoids and polyphenols. We will compose a custom paper test on Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity of Terminalia Belericabark or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The outcomes are seen as huge when contrasted and the standard ascorbic corrosive. Further examinations are required to decide the component and disconnection of dynamic constituents associated with the cancer prevention agent activity.Key words: Terminalia belerica, DPPH, Flavonoid, Phenolic substance. Presentation Free radicals had been embroiled in a few human maladies e. g. atherosclerosis, joint pain, ischemia and reperfusion injury of numerous tissues, focal sensory system injury, gastritis, maturing, fiery reaction disorder, respiratory infections, liver maladies, disease and AIDS1-4. Numerous natural plants contain cancer prevention agent mixes and these mixes ensure cells against the harming impacts of responsive oxygen species (ROS, for example, singlet oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite5, 6.Moreover, these engineered cancer prevention agents additionally show low dissolvability and moderate cancer prevention agent activity7. In this manner, numerous scientists are in scan for cancer prevention agents of characteristic cause. Terminalia belerica is a huge deciduous tree with trademark bark generally ________________________________________ * Author for correspondence; E-mail: singhaiak@rediffmail. com Singhai et al. : Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging†¦. called as Baheda or Bibitaki. It is developed all through India. Its primary constituents are gallic corrosive, ellagic corrosive, ? - sitosterol and chebulagic acid8. It is astringent, tonic, expectorant and laxative.Its mash is utilized in dropsy, heaps and diaorrhea. It is additionally helpful in sickness, fever and hair care. It is additionally utilized in oxalic corrosive and readiness of ink. It is utilized if there should be an occurrence of ailment. Seed oil is applied in skin illnesses and untimely turning gray of hair9, 10. In the current examination, we have endeavored to explore the cell reinforcement capability of the barks of Terminalia belerica. Test Material and techniques Plant material and extraction The barks of Terminalia belerica were gathered from Bhopal, cut into little pieces and dried in conceal for 5 days. The dried barks were then pounded. This material was macerated in water for 72 hours with intermittent shaking in dull. Macerate was emptied and separated. The marc was squeezed and filtration was done 2-3 times. The macerates were concentrated to give watery concentrate (22. 13% w/w). Synthetic concoctions Various synthetic substances utilized were DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) (Sigma Chemicals, USA) and aluminum chloride. Ascorbic corrosive got from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. , India. Folin-Ciocalteus’s phenol reagent and sodium carbonate were from Merck Chemical Supplies (Damstadt, Germany). All synthetic substances and solvents were of systematic grade.Preliminary phytochemical examination The primer phytochemical screening of the concentrate was done to realize the various constituents present in fluid portions of Terminalia belerica according to the standard methodology. The concentrate were tried for alkaloids11, 12, sterols13, triterpenes14, saponins15, flavonoids16, tannins12,17, carbohydrates12, glycosides and amino acids12. Shinoda test and slender layer chromatography was likewise done to affirm the nearness of flavonoids16. Nitric oxide searching technique Sodium nitroprusside (last fixation 5 mM) in phosphate support saline was hatched with 0. mL of various groupings of medication at 25oC for 5 hours. Control explore was managed without test mixes, yet with comparable measures of support in an indistinguishable way. Following 5 hours of brooding, Griess reagent (1% sulphanilamide, 2% H3PO4 and 0. 1% napthyl ethylene diamine dihydrochloride) was added to 0. 5 mL of the hatched arrangement and absorbance was promptly estimated at 546 nm utilizing the JASCO V530 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Rate hindrance of nitric oxide free radical was determined by utilizing the accompanying condition: % Inhibition= {1-(Abs. of test/Abs. f blank)} x 100 †¦ (1) The exploratory outcomes were communicated as mean  ± standard blunder of mean (SEM) of three replicates18 (Table 1). Table 1: Nitric oxide (NO) searching movement of fluid concentrate of terminalia belerica bark (tbb) S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conc. ( µg/mL) 100 200 300 400 500 % Scavenging Ascorbic corrosive 48. 82 53. 64 58. 98 82. 28 92. 23 Aq. TBB 29. 52  ± 0. 079 31. 17  ± 0. 112 38. 86  ± 0. 115 58. 65  ± 0. 021 65. 10  ± 0. 047 (n = 3, X  ± SEM) Determination of all out phenolics Total phenolic substance (C) in the concentrates were controlled by the adjusted FolinCiocalteu method18, 19.An aliquot of the concentrate was blended in with 5 mL Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (recently weakened with water 1 : 10 v/v) and 4 mL (75 g/L) of sodium carbonate. The cylinders were vortexed for 15 sec and permitted to represent 30 min at 40 °C for shading improvement. Absorbance was then estimated at 765 nm utilizing the JASCO V530 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Tests of concentrate were assessed at various focuses. All out phenolic substance was communicated as mg/g gallic corrosive proportional. The exploratory outcomes were communicated as mean  ± standard mistake of mean (SEM) of three reproduces (Table 2). C = c. V/m †¦ (2) Akhlesh Singhai et al. Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging†¦. Where C = Total phenolic content (mg/g) plant remove; c = Conc. of gallic corrosive set up by means of adjustment bend; V = Volume of concentrate; m = Wt. of plant extricate (g) Table 2: Total phenolic and complete flavanoid substance in terminalia belerica bark (tbb) S. No. 1. 2. a Sample Total phenolic content a Total flavanoid contentb Aqueous TBB (Aq. TBB) 0. 1226  ± 0. 77 2. 244  ± 0. 02 (n = 3, X  ± SEM) Expressed as mg gallic corrosive/g of dry plant material b Expressed as mg quercetin/g of dry plant material Determination of absolute flavonoids Total flavonoid substance (TFC) were resolved utilizing the strategy for Ordon et al. 20), of test arrangement. A volume of 1. 5 mL of 2% AlCl3 ethanol arrangement was added to 1. 5 mL of test arrangement. Following one hour at room temperature, the absorbance was estimated at 420 nm. A yellow shading demonstrated the nearness of flavonoids. Absolute flavonoid content was communicated as mg/g quercetin equal. The trial results were communicated as mean  ± standard mistake of mean (SEM) of three reproduces (Table 2). TFC = (Abs. x Dilution factor x 100)/E1% x Wt. of concentrate (g) †¦ (3) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Preliminary photochemical examinations of Terminalia belerica bark indicated the nearness of sugars, tannins and flavonoids.Shinoda test and dainty layer chromatography for flavonoids utilizing versatile stage n-butanol : water : cold acidic corrosive (40 : 50 : 10) and utilization of showering reagent ferric chloride arrangement affirmed its essence. Nitric oxide shows various physiological properties and it is additionally ensnared in a few neurotic states. The association of nitric oxide with different radicals prompts the arrangement of progressively risky radical, for example, peroxy nitrile anion and hydroxyl radical. The retention limit of a stable NO radical in methanol was at 546 nm. The IC50 esteems were seen as 363 g/mL and 144 g/mL for fluid Terminalia belerica (Aq.TBB) and ascorbic corrosive, separately. The concentrate had demonstrated the movement in portion subordinate way (Fig. 2). Nitric oxide (NO) rummaging action of fluid concentrate of terminalia belerica bark (TBB) % Radical Scavenging Capacity 100 80 60 40 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Ascorbic corrosive Aq. TBB Conc. ( g/mL) Fig. 1: A noteworthy diminishing in the convergence of NO radical because of the rummaging capacity of both Terminalia belerica and ascorbic corrosive Total phenolic and complete flavanoid content Aq. TBB 2. 5 Conc. (mg/g) 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 Total phenolic content Total flavanoid content Fig. : Total phenolic and flavanoid substance of Terminalia belerica bark Polyphenols are the significant plant mixes with cancer prevention agent action. This action is accepted to be for the most part because of their redox properties21, which assume a significant job in adsorbing and killing free radicals, extinguishing singlet and triplet oxygen, or decaying peroxides. The outcomes from this investigation firmly propose that phenolics are Singhai et al. : Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging†¦. significant parts of these plants, and a portion of their pharmacological impacts could be credited to the nearness of these important constituents.The complete phenolic content in mg/g gallic corrosive proportionate (GAE) was seen as 0. 1226 in fluid concentrate of TBB. The absolute flavanoid content in mg/g quercetin quivalent was seen as 2. 244 in fluid concentrate of TBB (Fig. 2). End The consequences of the current investigation shows that the fluid concentrate of the barks of Terminalia belerica have cell reinforcement movement (in view of the DPPH free radical rummaging action). The starter phytochemical examination demonstrates the nearness of flavonoids in Terminalia belerica bark.Polyphenols like flavonoids and tannins are the notable normal cell reinforcements. Thus, the cancer prevention agent capability of Terminalia belerica might be because of the nearness of flavonoids and phenolic substance. In spite of the fact that as a rule, the natural exercises of the concentrates from the barks of Terminalia belerica are not as high as those of the standard mixes utilized in this examination; the current outcomes demonstrate plainly that the fluid concentrate of Terminalia belerica bark have cancer prevention agent properties and could fill in as free extreme inhibitors or foragers, acting perhaps as essential cell reinforcements. Step by step instructions to refer to Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity

Paul Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans Class of 2015 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Paul Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans Class of 2015 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Paul Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans awards 30 fellowships each year.  Each award is for up to $25,000 in maintenance grants and up to $20,000 in tuition and fees or 50% of required tuition and fees/year (for up to two years of graduate study).   To be eligible for consideration, you must be: A New American (a naturalized citizen, green card holder or DACA recipient if born abroad; a child of naturalized citizens if born in this country). Not yet 31 years old, as of the application deadline. A college senior or holder of a bachelor’s degree. Not beyond your second year â€" if already enrolled â€" in the graduate degree program for which you request support. The program values a commitment to the constitution and the bill of rights.   The selection criteria emphasize creativity, originality, initiative, and sustained accomplishment. Applications for the 2015 cohort of Paul and Daisy Soros Fellows are now available: Paul Daisy Soros Fellowship Application. Click here for eligibility requirements. Applications due November 1, 2014 Finalists announced early January, 2015 Finalist Interviews: January 28-February 6, 2015 2015 Paul Daisy Soros Fellows announced early March 2015

How will you Measure Whether Trust Exists Within the Team - 550 Words

How will you Measure Whether Trust Exists Within the Team (Essay Sample) Content: BusinessStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name:Professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s name:Course number:When forming teams, it is not immediate that the team will perform better all of a sudden. These people will have to get to know each other and understand each other for the success of the team. Now, if you are the team leader assigned to guide this new team through a process so as to get ultimate successful results from this team, you should first make sure that the team members trust each other and appreciate each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s talents. To make sure that this happens, the team leader should adopt a team-building model that helps these team members integrate and blend in better with no problems in the future. A good example of this model is the Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model. Through this model, team members are expected to undergo some five stages of development. These stages include forming, storming, and norming, performing and adjourning.In the first stage, the team leader is expected to for m a group. We assume that the group has already been formed and assigned to you. At this stage, the team members are polite and friendly. The team leader is the authoritative figure at this time and the members are not sure of what their tasks and responsibilities are. They are excited and anxious about the challenge and the work that is ahead of them and they get to know each other at a more personal level. This is where the work begins.Storming stage is a challenging one to the team and also to the leader. The team members have been assigned their respective tasks and they now begin to work together. However, conflicts start to kick in if the members have different working styles. They may irritate each other because of the different working styles and yet produce the same results. The colleagues may start experiencing stressful working conditions and there may be some mistrust amongst them since they do not agree on the way the work should be undertaken. The leader may also not h ave assigned proper duties to the members or not have clearly clarified the tasks. This is also another conflict. The authoritative figure of the team leader may also be questioned by the members. The leader should resolve conflicts as swift as possible to prevent them from going out of hand. He should also provide the ones who are less secure of their importance to the team because of their academic levels.The norming stage is the next one. At this stage, the conflicts seem to have been resolved. The team members may communicate better with each other and may have developed a new working style and pattern that suits them all hence no one member is left outside the scope. The team members get to know each other and appreciate each other. New conflicts are then resolved amicably and there is trust in the team. The leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s authoritative figure is then appreciated and the team now works as one unit.At this stage, the leader should enroll in team building exercises frequently like on a monthly basis. During these exercises, the team goes out and undertake in exercises like mountain climbing where collective work is needed. There should be no competing games since the main aim of these exercises is to create oneness and unity. Once integration is complete, they move onto the same stage.The next stage is the performing stage. At this stage, the team works in one established way. Hard work is usually the norm and there are fewer complaints and conflicts. The team leader mainly focusses at making this continue and not disrupting anything. He acts as the balance between the...

The Siege of Veracruz

Book Report Fault in Our Stars - 1243 Words

The Fault in Our Stars The Fault in Our Stars is a novel written by John Green. This book was published in 2012 by â€Å"The Penguin Group† with 313 pages. The Fault in Our Stars is a work of fiction, everyone/everything is this book is made up by the author’s imagination. â€Å"The Fault in Our Stars† is a #1 New York Times Bestseller, award winning, and motion picture romance. The reader will follow Hazel and Augustus as these extraordinary teenagers go on a journey that soon turns into a long lasting relationship. Hazel Grace Lancaster has cancer, thyroid cancer that has gotten in her lungs and now it has affected her body. Hazel doesn’t had a lot of time to live, but she’s okay with that. Hazel just want to be a regular teenager just like me†¦show more content†¦Hazel tells Peter to get help and sober up so he can write another book. Hazel eventually learns that the ending Augustus wrote to Imperial Affliction he sent it to Peter so he could put that in Hazel’s eulogy when she dies. Peter sent the words that Augustus wrote to her and it stated that this world is inevitable, but we choose who we allow to hurt us. Augustus states he’s happy with it and hope Hazel is too. Hazel says she is too. In my opinion, the author really does achieve his purpose. John Green wrote this book because he worked at a children’s hospital where he saw many children trying to fight for their life. At the children’s hospital the kids were fighting life threatening illnesses and it just inspired him. Another reason John Green wrote this book was because he had a friend that died from cancer. Just like in the book, Hazel had thyroid cancer and so did the author’s friend. John Green purpose was proven when he wrote this book. The Fault in Our Stars was very effortless to read. I caught on very easy, because the author had it setup for young adults’. This book showed a lot of happiness that cancer patients could have and the love each one had for each other. This novel was so POWERFUL because Hazel didn’t let her cancer define her, she didn’t let her cancer stop her from walking up stairs at the Anne Frank house, and she didn’t let her cancer stop h er from loving Augustus. I think there were manyShow MoreRelatedEssay The Fault in Our Stars by John Green1722 Words   |  7 Pages In John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars, cancer possess every character in distinctive ways, yet this isn’t the standard cancer book, because according to the protagonist, â€Å"cancer books suck† (Green 3). Or as Gwynne Ellen Ash views the novel as a, â€Å"learning to trust, and to love, while dying [†¦] there is no sap here, no melodrama, no maudlin schmaltz.† This is about being able to cope with existence. 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Self Care Is A Personal Health Maintenance Technique

Self-care is a personal health maintenance technique that includes any activity that involves the intention of improving mental and physical health. It is fundamental for everyone, a part of self-regulation, the physical and mental processes through which we create inner and outer balance without which we are prone to overwork, overplay, burn-out, and live unhealthy living. As students we need to take good care of ourselves because our brains are a part of our physical system, so if we don’t take care of the body, the brain isn’t going to work efficiently especially when we are trying to do so many things at once, we have to cultivate mental acuity and energy for studying and learning as well. Self-care enables individuals to be conscious about their health and empowers people to have a greater role in taking care of themselves. Self-care helps nourish one’s mind, body and spirit. 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The Texas Assessment Of Knowledge And Skills - 1612 Words

The Texas Assessment of knowledge and skills, known as TAKS is a standardized test used throughout the State of Texas to determine whether or not a child is prepared for the next grade level. The TAKS test was implemented in 2003 to replace the â€Å"No child Left behind Act† The new addition to the test added science as well as social studies to the already existing math, reading and English. This test was design to obtain more information on where students currently resided in academics. Many have found flaw and criticized this test for numerous of reasons. The TAKS test has became ineffective in several ways it’s used to determine a teacher’s bonus or how well they communicate given information. When taking into account all theses view points, I have come to the conclusion that the TAKS and the STARR should no longer be used in its current role. One of the difficulties that arise with this test is the pass or Fail System. 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Is It Safe To Travel By Airplanes Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(39) " on board could non last the accident\." About five hundred old ages back, the sum of clip required to go a thousand stat mi was more than yearss and sometimes even months. Back so, the ordinary people used to go by pes and merely the rich could afford carnal driven carts. This wastage of clip was reduced by the debut of engine powered autos and trains. We will write a custom essay sample on Is It Safe To Travel By Airplanes Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though these vehicles were faster than the carnal driven carts, it still took yearss to go around 1000 stat mis. Therefore another agency of transit had to be invented by which this clip wastage could be diminished. Thus the Wright brother ‘s was able to do the first plane, which could go much faster than the trains and autos. Thus the clip required to go was drastically decreased by the innovation of planes. Due to the immense progresss in engineering in the twenty-first century, there are planes that can go even faster than sound. These planes take less than an hr to go more than thousand stat mis. Travel by the agencies of air has become the most fastest and common method of conveyance particularly for great distances. At the present state of affairs, we can go around the universe in less than a twenty-four hours unlike the yesteryear when it used to take months to make so. Therefore we can now go anyplace in the universe by the clip we have a little sleep and a java. But as in most instances of technological promotions, we can non accomplish such great effort without a monetary value. One such monetary value we had to pay over and over once more is the lives of the person that was lost in the legion aeroplane clangs we had of all time since we started utilizing the aeroplane. The aeroplane clangs have claimed oven 10 thousand lives in the last decennary in over 1800 accidents. Though the figure of accidents has been reduced to half the figure a decennary back, the figure of decease tolls has n’t decreased much. This is because as the engineering increased, the figure of riders on a flight additions. Earlier merely about 100 people could go in a plane and now there are flights that can suit more than 500. Thus the figure of riders involved in one accident increased and even though there are fewer accidents, two or three are adequate to take more than 1000 lives. Aviation human deaths have existed since the clip of the innovation of planes. The first of it happening on one of the theoretical accounts of the Wright brothers doing decease of a rider on board and hurts to Orville Wright himself. Get downing that incident certain safety characteristics were added to the plane in order to cut down accidents. The air power safety equipment industry has become a really large one and now is a billion-dollar industry on its ain. The air power safety has improved significantly over the past hundred old ages of its execution. Over the last few old ages more than 95 % of the people in U.S. plane clangs have survived as a consequence of the new safety characteristics introduced in them. One of the most terrific air power accidents was the Tenerife incident. It is the catastrophe that has caused the highest figure of human deaths. More than five 100 50 people died in this catastrophe. This occurred when a KLM Boing 747 collided with a Pan Am747 at Los Rodeos Airport in Spain. The cause of the clang was the pilot ‘s mistake. The pilot of the KLM flight attempted to takeoff without clearance and collided with the taxiing Pan American flight. This incident was wholly the error on the side of the pilot but there are certain 1s that are besides caused due to mechanical failure. The clang of the JAL Flight 123 was one such instance. About five 100s 20 were dead in this accident when the aircraft underwent an explosive decompression due to an falsely repaired aft force per unit area bulkhead. This occurred in mid flight and destroyed most of the flights perpendicular stabilizer. This besides severed all of the hydraulic lines, doing it virtually unmanageable. In this instance the pilots were more experience but their experience could merely maintain the plane winging for a few more. The plane eventually crashed into a mountain doing it the single-aircraft catastrophe with the most figure of human deaths. This was a instance of chiefly mechanical jobs and non the pilot ‘s mistake. The debut of the airborne hit turning away system was done after the 1996 Chakhri Dadri mid-air hit. In this accident a Saudia Flight 763 crashed on an Air Kazakhstan flight 1907 when the Kazakh pilot was winging lower than the height he was given clearance to. This accident claimed 349 lives, which includes all the crew and riders aboard both the flights. The airborne hit turning away system gives information about any aircrafts or winging objects nearby thereby assisting the pilot to alter its class in order to forestall hit. As the engineering became advanced, the velocity with which the aircrafts could wing increased every bit good as the safety characteristics required to go at those velocities. One of the greatest planes of all time made was the Concorde. It was considered as an air power icon and an technology wonder. This aeroplane was powered by a fanjet engine, which made it possible for it to go faster than sound. This supersonic rider plane made the clip required to go to any topographic point half the current clip required. The production of these planes was stopped shortly after the Air France flight 4590 ‘s clang. This was a Concorde flight scheduled from Charles de Gaulle airdrome to JKF airdrome. It crashed into a hotel in Gonesse, France shortly after its takeoff. All nine crewmembers and one hundred riders on board could non last the accident. You read "Is It Safe To Travel By Airplanes Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" This incident took topographic point due to a con catenation of mistakes and the chief one being transcending the maximal takeoff weight bound. This bound was non exceeded by a little sum but by a ton. Though the flight could hold handled this inordinate weight, the flight could non takeoff decently because the centre of gravitation of the whole weight was concentrated on the rear of the flight. Besides a Ti metal strip fell out of a Continental Air flight during takeoff five proceedingss before the takeoff this flight. The runway staff did non make the necessary measure to inspect the track and take this seventeen-inch long dust. It was a portion of the protocol for Concorde takeoff readying that the track should be inspected before takeoff. As a consequence of this debris lying on the track, it cut a Sur of the Concorde flight tearing it. Due to the centripetal forces, a piece from the Sur that weighed ten lbs struck the bottom of the aircrafts flying construction with velocity more than 300 miles per hour. Though this did non straight tear any fuel armored combat vehicles, it send out a force per unit area moving ridge doing one of its fuel armored combat vehicle to tear at its weakest point. This was the fuel armored combat vehicle that was overfilled before during fuel transportation. Either the electric discharge of the landing cogwheel or some severed electric overseas telegram ignited the leaking fuel. Due to this fire, both engine one and two surged and lost all its power. But after a few seconds, engine one recovered but a big fire was developed around the 2nd engine. Thus the First Engineer had to close down the engine two in order to forestall spreading of fire. Since the flight had crossed the minimal velocity to takeoff, the crew continued takeoff, but the crew was non able to make so decently with the staying three engines as the cut off overseas telegrams prevented the abjuration of the undercarriage. Thus the plane could non derive a velocity more than 200 knots and a maximal height of 200 foot. The increasing fire caused the wing to disintegrate due to highly high temperature. The Engine one surged once more but failed to retrieve this clip. Due to the uneven push on the flight, the flight started to bank to one side for more than 100 grades. The crew seeking to level the plane, slowed down the other two engines. This caused the flight to free it airspeed and made it impossible for the crew to command it and the plane started to procrastinate and accordingly clang. After this clang, the usage of Concorde flights for rider transit was stopped until the probe of this instance was done. The people to be held responsible were the land staf fs who were responsible to do certain that the track was clear. â€Å" Experts claim the supersonic aircraft hit a piece of isolated Ti from another aircraft, puncturing its Sur which set off a concatenation reaction that caused the catastrophe. â€Å" ( Airline Industry Information, 2004 ) . If the land staff would hold done review decently, the whole catastrophe could hold been prevented. Another incident occurred when the Uruguayan Air Force flight 571 transporting 45 people, including a rugger squad crashed into Andes. More than 10 people died in the clang and some others by the hurts and the cold conditions. But the remainder was rescued after 70 yearss of this incident. This accident was because of the bad conditions, which restricted the flight of the plane above 30000 pess. Besides the whole country of the mountains was covered in clouds, which lowered the visibleness of the pilot. Due to low visibleness the plane crashed into a extremum, which caused wreckage to one of its wings thereby taking the control out of the pilot and crashing the plane. Though the pilot was non cognizant of these state of affairss, the copilot was. â€Å" The pilot had non been winging the plane, but the co-pilot had crossed the Andes before. † ( Read, 1975 ) . The co-pilot still could non salvage the plane but made his best to make so. One of the accidents that has been caused due to mechanical failures and no crew could hold avoided was the Valujet Flight 592 incident. It claimed 110 lives in that accident. This was because of some expired O generators place in the lading compartment by the care contractors of Valujet. There was a little fire in the lading compartment and harmonizing to normal processs the fire would hold extinguished itself as this was an air-tight compartment and every bit shortly as the O supply in this compartment was finished, the fire would snuff out itself. But the O generators produced more O doing the fire to increase and get away that compartment. This caused a force per unit area difference aboard and made the pilot free his control. The Fire eventually spread throughout the plane. This was n’t the mistake of the crewmembers but the mistake of the care company. â€Å" No air hose forces made any errors in the operation of the plane ; an O generator accident could hold occurred o n any air hose. In short, ValuJet was below the belt criticized for an accident that had nil to make with the operation of the plane. â€Å" ( Cobb, 2003 ) Not merely mechanical failure and pilot mistake, but besides the Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act has proved to be one of the major causes of air clangs. One of the major victims of the terrorist onslaught was the Air India flight 182. This plane crashed off the southwest seashore of Ireland when a bomb held in the lading went away. Everyone aboard the flight died including 22 crewmembers doing a sum of 329. This was the act of the Sikh extremists revenging the onslaught of the authorities on the Golden Temple. The bomb was kept in a bag of a rider who did non board the flight but his luggage did. Thereafter this event certain security steps were maid to guarantee that the luggage ‘s of any individual non going was to be offloaded of the plane before its takeoff. The terrorist bombardment of the Pan American flight 103 in Scotland which claimed the lives of 243 riders, 16 crew and 11 people on the land made the security regulations mandatory in all American flights winging out of the 103 airdromes in the Western Europe and Middle East. New stairss such as X-radiation or physically analyzing all the checkered luggage and besides to increase the showing of the riders. The governments argued that though it may be a waste of clip but still safety has its value. In fact all the promotions in safety through regulations and ordinances have come merely as a consequence of loss of legion lives and if farther promotions have to be made, it ca n’t be done without farther loss of life. Another major air power catastrophe occurred when the American Airlines flight 587 crashed into the Belle Harbor vicinity of Queens, New York. The flight had merely departed the JFK international airdrome and the accident occurred when the first officer overused the rudder in response to wake turbulency from a Japan Airlines 747. It claimed the lives of all 260 people on board and besides five people on land. This was another accident caused due to human carelessness. A similar state of affairs was at that place aboard the Egypt air flight 990 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean in the international Waterss. Harmonizing to the study given by the National Transportation Safety Board, the pilot intentionally plunge the aircraft into the H2O. But the Egyptians deny this decision and say that it was a mechanical failure. Although if we look at these accidents late we can see they were largely caused by bad determinations made by worlds. So this brings up the inquiry, is it the planes or the pilots that are more unsafe? As we can see from the old paragraph, most of the crashes/accidents that happened will non go on once more as necessary safety safeguards have been made and the flights are equipped with certain new devices in order to forestall most of the accidents mentioned before. Equally far as the instance of human mistakes, the planes are fitted with machine-controlled systems wherever possible but still there are certain countries where the unreal intelligence is non plenty. Therefore it is right now non possible to take the human portion from the control of the flights. Possibly in future there may be a possibility of human less aircrafts. There are certain clangs caused due to miss of concentration of the pilots. This is when pilots with immense experience do non care much and feel overconfident. One such instance was in 2007, when two Air Patrol pilots with a sum of 53,000 hours experience crashed onto 8000-foot mountain. This happened when one of the pilots was demoing the other a presentation of the plane itself. He did non be after the path in front and did non pay concentration to the terrains in that country. This besides happens to some of the new pilots. Some of the inexperient pilots do non stay by the regulations and cause clangs. Besides distractions cause the pilots to divert from the program and may do the plane to clang. It is most frequently the sloppiness of the pilots that cause the lives of many. † Pilots sometimes skip flight planning and abbreviate checklists when they are â€Å" merely making a short hop. † ( Hopkins, 2012 ) How to cite Is It Safe To Travel By Airplanes Engineering Essay, Essay examples

One Night Stand Lifetime Memory Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"You’re welcome! † her words followed by a ‘come hither’ smiling. I felt like embracing her difficult so and at that place. but abandoned the thought for the fright of the presence of anybody else in the flat. It was a dream of a sleeping room where her natess led me. A big mirror watched us from one side of the king-size four-poster bed. while the wall opposite it held a big posting picturing a piece of wild forest in such a manner that the bed looked like placed amid the wild plane! A swoon odor of aroma floated in the room possibly to heighten my animal cravings! â€Å"How do you like it? † She asked. â€Å"Oh it’s beautiful. all the manner! † I looked deep at her and inched near. but it was at that minute. another idea popped up in my head. a instead uneven one at that.Why would a adult female experience drawn to another adult male when her hubby had given her so much?However. I kicked aside my contemplations. and asked her. â€Å"Is there anybody else in the level? † â€Å"Nah. † she said with smiling eyes. â€Å"and none’s traveling to come either for the remainder of the dark. † She encircled my cervix with her custodies. pressing her lovely bosoms to my thorax. Wordss became excess as we fired up our lips with long. endearing investigation of togetherness. In between. my custodies worked overtime to undid her apparels as fast as possible. â€Å"I want to populate with you for the remainder of my life. Sam. † now she thought to lift to the juncture. by undoing my apparels. â€Å"You’re the adult male I ever dreamt of! † I didn’t reply to her words. alternatively showered her with busss. Despite my relationship with Milly being on the stones. I had neer spent a dark out.Possibly she’s holding pep negotiations!. Thinking no more. I let myself travel under the enchantment of her sensualness. Gradually the clock went back to the prehistoric times. as our bare organic structures met with such an obvious mode. on occasion punching the silence of the room with our moaning. It felt Godhead. Seconds seemed proceedingss. proceedingss seemed seconds – clip played buffooneries as we mellowed in each other clip and once more. *** When I opened my eyes I felt drained out. Sumi was trembling in pleasance that had its residue still in her organic structure. With a light buss I whispered in her ear. â€Å"Why did you give me so much. my love? † She half-opened her eyes and said. â€Å"It’s an uncoerced swapping of hubbies. love. † I got up with a start. â€Å"What’re you stating? † I shook her with my custodies. â€Å"Are you certain? † â€Å"Yes I’m. honey! At first I employed a investigator to happen out the crack between my hubby and your married woman. Then it took an ugly bend when she wrote me a missive to drag me out of his life. † â€Å"My God! † â€Å"Thank your typewriter excessively! . You gave it to the machinist for fix. and my investigator picked up the hint from at that place. as to who wrote that typewritten missive to me. † â€Å"Then? † I felt amazed. â€Å"Then I kept check on you through my investigator. and traveling by his study. and seeing you from a distance. I fell for you. That’s simple! Even I met you last dark by design. Don’t acquire hurt. honey. I did everything to acquire my love! † â€Å"You’re an astonishing adult female! † â€Å"Yes I’m! *** The storm came once more. the heavy wood of Sumi’s sleeping room caught a balefire once more. We rolled over and laic side by side. The moonshine caressed our organic structures. I told her about my want to go the big version of Peter Pan and asked her to fall in me.

Consumer Affairs Victoria And Compensation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consumer Affairs Victoria Damages Compensation? Answer: Introduction: In Australian, liability related to the product is recognized by both common law and legislation. Any person who suffer damage, injury or loss then such person has right to initiate legal proceedings on following grounds: Under tort of negligence if duty of care breached. Under Australian consumer law, if any provision of ACL breached. In this report, terms related to product liability is discussed in the form of 3 questions which are answered below. Subsequently report is concluded with brief conclusion. Negligence: Usually, manufacturer of the product owns duty of care towards the ultimate consumer of the product for the purpose of protecting the consumer against any risk or injury which is foreseeable in nature. It is not allowed to retailers and importers to test the reliability of the product if it is supplied by the manufacturer in the container which is sealed pack. These sealed pack containers are directly opened by the ultimate consumers. However, it must be noted that if product cause damage or injury to the person then retailer also under obligation to safeguard the person from such risk and injury which is foreseeable in nature. If any party make in the supply chain make any modification in the product then such party is also liable towards the consumer in lieu of those changes. Contract: It must be noted there is no restriction on parties to enter into contract on the terms which are agreed between the parties, but there are some implied terms also which are imposed by Common law and statute. It must be noted only parties to the contract has right to seek remedies under the contract. In number of cases contracting parties are retailer and consumer, therefore retailer is liable towards the consumer if any implied condition or warranty is breached. However, retailer also enter into contract with manufacturer which means retailer has right to seek remedy from manufacturer. ACL introduced various statutory guarantees which can be considered as implied conditions and warranties under the contract. These guarantees exist in every contract which is entered between the consumer and retailer (Clayton UTZ, 2015). Statutory Guarantee: Following are some statutory guarantees introduced by the ACL under chapter 2 and 3, and under these guarantees manufacturer are directly liable towards the consumer: If goods are of unacceptable quality. Goods are not fit for the stated purpose. Goods do not match with their description. Manufacturer does not compile with existing warranties (ACCC, n.d.). This can be understood through case law Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] A.C. 562, [1932] UKHL 100. In this case, Mrs. Donoghue claims against the manufacturer off ginger beer under tort of negligence for breaching their duty of care. In this Court stated that manufacturer is liable towards the ultimate consumer because it is the consumer who ultimately consumes the product. In the present case, manufacturer of the product is liable towards Mr. George for failing to meet the statutory guarantees stated under ACL. Manufacturer fails to provide the product which meets the description and also product supplied by manufacturer fails to fit for stated purpose. Therefore, in this case manufacturer is liable towards the George. Consumer guarantee in Australia: Chapter 2 and 3 of ACL sates the guarantee provided to consumer by common law and statute. If any person buy product under ACL then such person automatically get the protection under consumer statutory guarantee. Following are some statutory guarantees provided by ACL: Section 59 of Competition and Consumer Act 2010 states that manufacturer and supplier of product and services are under obligation to meet any express warranty stated by manufacturer at the time of formation of contract. In other words, if manufacturer at the time of formation of contract made any promise related to the quality, standard, condition, and performance of contract then it is necessary that manufacturer fulfill such promises. These promises are considered as express warranty of the contract. This can be understood through case law Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd t/as Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCATA 047. In this case, Tribunal stated that money back guarantee provided by seller is considered as express warranty (Competition and Consumer Act 2010). Section 60 of the ACL states that it is the duty of manufacturer and supplier to perform their functions and render their services with due care skill. In other words, manufacturers are obliged to ensure reasonable care and skill while manufacturing any product and perform the services (Competition and Consumer Act 2010). Section 61 of competition and Consumer Act 2010 states that it is the duty of manufacturer and supplier to ensure that goods delivered by them and services rendered by them fit for the purpose stated. In other words, if consumer stated any particular purpose at the time of formation of contract then manufacturer and supplier is under obligation to ensure that goods must meet that particular purpose or desired result of the consumer (Competition and Consumer Act 2010). This can be understood through case law Campbell v Lane (No 2), [2013] QCATA 307. In this case Court stated that horse was so lame that it was not fit for disclosed purpose. If any manufacturer and supplier breach above stated liability, then following rights are available to consumer: Consumer can terminate the contract on the ground of breach of statutory guarantee. Consumer can ask for refund for any services not consumed by consumer. Consumer can claim for compensation for the difference occurred in desired result and actual result. In the present case, Newman and manufacturer breach number of statutory guarantee available to George under ACL. Newman breach guarantee under section 59, 60, and 61 as he fails to meet the express warranties at the time of formation of contract. He further fails to perform his duties with due care and skill. Therefore, Newman is liable towards George under ACL. George has right to seek compensation under ACL or terminate the contract. However, Newman also failed to provide goods which fit for disclosed purpose. Therefore, both manufacturer and Newman are liable under section 61 of ACL. George can also seek for compensation under this section also. Compensation for breach of statutory guarantees under ACL: As stated above, consumer has right to recover damages from manufacturer for breaching the consumer guarantees stated under Australian Consumer law. However, manufacturer is liable in following circumstances towards the consumer: If goods does not fit for stated purpose. Breach of express warranty. Goods or services fail to match description. Repair and spare parts. Therefore, it is necessary for manufacturer to honor the rights of the consumer under consumer guarantee. If any manufacturer and supplier breach above stated liability, then following rights are available to consumer: Consumer can terminate the contract on the ground of breach of statutory guarantee. Consumer can ask for refund for any services not consumed by consumer. Consumer can claim for compensation for the difference occurred in desired result and actual result. Amount of compensation: Manufacturer is liable to pay compensation, and amount of compensation is determined through analyzing the amount of goods and services and loss or injury suffered by consumer. Amount of compensation must be equal to the value of product or less than the difference between current value of product and it can be the lowest of either: Retail price of the goods at the time of purchase. Actual price paid by consumer. Compensation in case of express warranty: If manufacturer does not meet with the express warranty and fail to meet the express warranty within reasonable time period then consumer has right to take legal action against the manufacturer for the purpose of enforcing the warranty in Court or Tribunal. Consumer also has right to enforce their rights under consumer guarantee and claim for compensation for consequential loss because of manufacturers failure to meet the warranty. In the present case, George can ask for money refund that is $550 under the express guarantee because consumer has right to enforce their rights under consumer guarantee and George can also claim for compensation because manufacturer fail to meet its liability (Consumer affairs Victoria, n.d.). Conclusion: After considering above facts, it is clear that ACL protect the rights of consumer and ensures fair dealings in Australia. In this report various statutory guarantees are stated such as guarantee related to acceptable quality, express warranty, etc. Lastly, it is concluded that ACL provides various rights to the consumer. References: ACCC. Consumer guarantees. Retrieved on 23rd September 2017 from: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/consumer-guarantees. ACL. Consumer Guarantees. Retrieved on 23rd September 2017 from: https://consumerlaw-staging.tspace.gov.au/files/2016/05/0553FT_ACL-guides_Guarantees_web.pdf. Campbell v Lane (No 2), [2013] QCATA 307. Clayton UTZ, (2015). Product Liability 2015. Retrieved on 23rd September 2017 from: https://www.claytonutz.com/articledocuments/178/ICLG-Product-Liability-Australia-2015.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- Section 59. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- Section 60. Competition and Consumer Act 2010- Schedule 2- Section 61. Consumer Affairs Victoria. Damages and compensation. Retrieved on 23rd September 2017 from: https://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/products-and-services/refunds-repairs-and-returns/damages-and-compensation. Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] A.C. 562, [1932] UKHL 100. Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd t/as Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCA

New SAT Essay Sample Response - Save Time With This Essay Topic Sample Response

New SAT Essay Sample Response - Save Time With This Essay Topic Sample ResponseWhen you are writing your New SAT essay, you have to be aware of all the points and subtleties in the essay that can get your best score. But, what happens if you do not have enough time to finish it before the deadline of March 1st? You can make use of the New SAT essay sample response to help you in this regard.By using a New SAT essay sample response, you can save time and effort and still get your best score. Moreover, they are very useful to students because they do not cost much and you can get them from the internet as well.The first thing that you need to do when you start writing an essay for the SAT is to pick a topic. Here, the topic can be a bit tricky. You can choose a topic that is already present in the current culture and society or which is a type of topic that you have always wanted to write about. There are also some essay topics that students write about that can be used by you as well. In order to choose the best essay topic for the SAT, you should gather information from various sources. One of the sources that you can use is the internet. There are several sites that give you great tips and advice that can help you choose the right topic for your essay.The last thing that you need to do when you are writing your essay for the SAT is to make sure that you do not omit any information. It can also help you if you check if you have any spelling and grammar mistakes on your paper. Do not forget to check your sources.Finally, be sure that you know the format of your essay. To do this, you will need to check out the essay sample response you have done, and try to follow it exactly. So, when you are writing your essay for the SAT, try to find out as much information about the topic and make sure that you do not omit any information. Also, make sure that you check your sources and follow the essay sample response to write the best essay.

Hinayan and Mahayn Essay Example

Hinayan and Mahayn Essay Introductory Comparison of Hinayana and Mahayana Alexander Berzin Berlin, Germany, January 2002 [edited transcript] The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana The terms Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle or Modest Vehicle) and Mahayana (Greater Vehicle or Vast Vehicle) originated in The Prajnaparamita Sutras (The Sutras on Far-Reaching Discriminating Awareness, The Perfection of Wisdom Sutras). They are a rather derogatory pair of words, aggrandizing Mahayana and putting down Hinayana. Alternative terms for them, however, have many other shortcomings, and so therefore I shall use these more standard terms for them here. See: The Terms Hinayana and Mahayana. ] Hinayana encompasses eighteen schools. The most important for our purposes are Sarvastivada and Theravada. Theravada is the one extant today in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Sarvastivada was widespread in Northern India when the Tibetans started to travel there and Buddhism began to be transplanted to Tibet. There were two main divisions of Sarvasti vada based on philosophical differences: Vaibhashika and Sautrantika. Hinayana tenet systems studied at the Indian monastic universities such as Nalanda, and later by the Tibetan Mahayanists, are from these two schools. The lineage of monastic vows followed in Tibet is from another Sarvastivada subdivision, Mulasarvastivada. [See: A Brief History of Buddhism in India before the Thirteenth-Century Invasions. ] Buddhas and Arhats There is quite a significant difference between the Hinayana and Mahayana presentations of arhats and Buddhas. Both agree that arhats, or liberated beings, are more limited than Buddhas, or enlightened beings, are. Mahayana formulates this difference in terms of two sets of obscurations: the emotional ones, which prevent liberation, and the cognitive ones, which prevent omniscience. Arhats are free of only the former, whereas Buddhas are free of both. This division is not found in Hinayana. It is purely a Mahayana formulation. To gain liberation or enlightenment, both Hinayana and Mahayana assert that one needs nonconceptual cognition of the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul. † Such a lack is often called â€Å" selflessness,† anatma in Sanskrit, the main Indian scriptural language of Sarvastivada and Mahayana; anatta in Pali, the scriptural language of Theravada. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinayan and Mahayn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hinayan and Mahayn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hinayan and Mahayn specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Hinayana schools assert this lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† with respect only to persons, not all phenomena. Persons lack a â€Å"soul,† an atman, that is unaffected by anything, partless, and separable from a body and a mind, and which can be cognized on its own. Such a â€Å"soul† is impossible. With just the understanding that there is no such thing as this type of â€Å"soul† with respect to persons, one can become either an arhat or a Buddha. The difference depends on how much positive force or so-called â€Å" merit† one builds up. Because of their development of the enlightening aim of bodhichitta, Buddhas have built up far more positive force than arhats have. Mahayana asserts that Buddhas understand the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† with respect to all phenomena as well as with respect to persons. They call this lack â€Å"voidness. † The various Indian schools of Mahayana differ regarding whether or not arhats also understand the voidness of phenomena. Within Mahayana, Prasangika Madhyamaka asserts that they do. However, the four Tibetan traditions explain this point differently regarding the Prasangika assertion. Some say that the voidness of phenomena understood by arhats is different from that understood by Buddhas; some assert the two voidnesses are the same. Some say that the scope of phenomena to which the voidness of phenomena applies is more limited for arhats than it is for Buddhas; some assert it is the same. There is no need to go into all the details here. [See: Comparison of the Hinayana and Mahayana Assertions of the Understandings of Voidness by Arhats and Buddhas. ] Further Points Concerning Buddhas and Arhats The assertions of Hinayana and Mahayana concerning arhats and Buddhas differ in many other ways. Theravada, for instance, asserts that one of the differences between a shravaka or â€Å"listener† striving toward the liberation of an arhat and a bodhisattva striving toward the enlightenment of a Buddha is that shravakas study with Buddhist teachers, while bodhisattvas do not. The historical Buddha, Shakyamuni, for instance, did not study with another Buddha. He studied only with non-Buddhist teachers, whose methods he ultimately rejected. In the fact that Buddha’s understanding and attainment id not arise from reliance on a Buddhist teacher, Theravada asserts that a Buddha’s wisdom surpasses that of an arhat. In addition, bodhisattvas work to become universal Buddhist teachers; shravakas do not, although as arhats they certainly teach disciples. Before passing away, Buddha himself deputed his arhat disciple Shariputra to continue â€Å"turning the wheel of Dharma . † According to Theravada, however, Buddhas excel arhats in being more skillful in methods for leading others to liberation and in the breadth of their conduct of teaching. This is the meaning of a Buddha’s being omniscient. However, according to this presentation, a Buddha would not know everyone’s address and would have to ask such information from others. According to the Vaibhashika school of Hinayana, Buddhas are actually omniscient in knowing such information, but they only know one thing at a time. According to Mahayana, omniscience means knowing everything simultaneously. This follows from its view that everything is interconnected and interdependent; we cannot speak of just one piece of information, totally unrelated to the rest. Hinayana says that the historical Buddha achieved enlightenment in his lifetime and, like an arhat, when he died, his mental continuum came to an end. Therefore, according to Hinayana, Buddhas teach only for the rest of the lifetime in which they achieve enlightenment. They do not emanate to countless world systems and go on teaching forever, as Mahayana asserts. Only Mahayana asserts that the historical Buddha became enlightened in a previous lifetime many eons ago, by studying with Buddhist teachers. He was just demonstrated enlightenment under the bodhi tree as one of the twelve enlightening deeds of a Buddha. The precursor of this description of a Buddha is found in the Mahasanghika School of Hinayana, another of the eighteen Hinayana schools, but is not found in either Sarvastivada or Theravada. [See: The Twelve Enlightening Deeds of a Buddha. ] Concerning Buddhas, another major difference is that only Mahayana asserts the three corpuses or bodies of a Buddha – Nirmanakaya, Sambhogakaya, and Dharmakaya. Hinayana does not assert them. Thus, the concept of a Buddha is significantly different in Hinayana and Mahayana. [See: Identifying the Objects of Safe Direction (Refuge). The Pathway Minds Leading to Liberation and Enlightenment Hinayana and Mahayana both assert that the stages of progress to the purified state, or â€Å"bodhi,† of either an arhat or a Buddha entail developing five levels of pathway mind – the so-called â€Å"five paths. † These are a building-up pathway mind or path of accumulation, an applying pathway mind or path of preparation, a seeing pa thway mind or path of seeing, an accustoming pathway mind or path of meditation, and a path needing no further training or path of no more learning. Shravakas and bodhisattvas who attain a seeing pathway of mind both become aryas, highly realized beings. Both have nonconceptual cognition of the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths. [See: The Five Pathway Minds: Basic Presentation. See also: The Sixteen Aspects and the Sixteen Distorted Ways of Embracing the Four Noble Truths. ] Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that a seeing pathway mind rids both arya shravakas and arya bodhisattvas of doctrinally based disturbing emotions, while an accustoming pathway mind rids them of automatically arising disturbing emotions. The former are based on learning the set of assertions of one of the non-Buddhist Indian schools, while the latter arise automatically in everyone, including animals. The list of disturbing emotions that shravaka and bodhisattva aryas rid themselves of is part of a larger list of mental factors. Each of the Hinayana schools has its own list of mental factors, while Mahayana asserts yet another list. Many of the mental factors are defined differently in each list. Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that the course of progressing through the five pathway minds entails practicing the thirty-seven factors leading to a purified state. A â€Å"purified state† or â€Å" bodhi† refers to either arhatship or Buddhahood. These thirty-seven factors include the four close placements of mindfulness, the eight branches of an arya pathway mind (the eightfold noble path), and so on. They are very important. In anuttarayoga tantra, the thrity-seven are represented by Yamantaka’s thirty-four arms plus his body, speech and mind, as well as by the dakinis in the body mandala of Vajrayogini. The thirty-seven are a standard set of practices. The specifics of each practice, however, are often different in Hinayana and Mahayana. See: The Theravada Practice of the Four Close Placements of Mindfulness. See also: The Four Close Placements of Mindfulness According to Mahayana. ] Both Hinayana and Mahayana assert that the scheme of stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner and arhat refers to stages of an arya shravaka’s path, but not to the path of an arya bodhisattva. Thus, stream-enterers have nonconceptu al cognition of the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths, which include nonconceptual cognition of the lack of an impossible â€Å"soul† of persons. We should not think that stream-enterer is a beginner level. So if someone claims to have achieved the state of a stream-enterer, be suspicious. Hinayana does not provide an extensive explanation of the bodhisattva pathway minds. Mahayana, however, explains that an arya bodhisattva’s path to enlightenment entails progressing through the development of ten levels of bhumi-mind. These levels of mind do not pertain to the path of shravakas. Both Hinayana and Mahayana agree that traversing the bodhisattva path to enlightenment takes more time than traversing the shravaka one to arhatship. Only Mahayana, however, speaks of building up the two enlightenment-building networks – the two collections – for three zillion eons. â€Å" Zillion,† usually translated as â€Å"countless,† means a finite number, though we would be unable to count it. Shravakas, on the other hand, can attain arhatship in as short as three lifetimes. In the first lifetime, one becomes a stream-enterer, in the next lifetime a once-returner, and in the third lifetime, one becomes a non-returner, achieves liberation, and becomes an arhat. This is quite tempting for many people. The assertion that arhats are selfish is like bodhisattva propaganda. It is basically meant to point out an extreme to avoid. The sutras record that Buddha asked his sixty arhat disciples to teach. If they were truly selfish, they would not have agreed to do so. Arhats, however, can only help others to a more limited extent than Buddhas can. Both, however, can only help those with the karma to be helped by them. Bodhisattvas It is important to realize that the Hinayana schools do assert that before becoming a Buddha, one follows the bodhisattva path. Both Hinayana and Mahayana have versions of the Jataka tales describing the previous lives of Buddha Shakyamuni as a bodhisattva. Starting with King Siri Sanghabodhi in the third century CE, many Sri Lankan kings even called themselves bodhisattvas. Of course, this is a little tricky to untangle because there was some Mahayana present in Sri Lanka at the time. Whether this idea of bodhisattva kings preexisted a Mahayana influence is hard to say, but it did happen. Even more surprisingly, in the fifth century CE, the elders at the Sri Lankan capital Anuradhapura declared Buddhaghosa, a great Theravada Abhidharma master, to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Maitreya. Mahayana asserts that there are a thousand Buddhas in this â€Å"fortunate eon† who will start universal religions, and there have been and will be many more Buddhas in other world ages. Mahayana also asserts that everyone can become a Buddha, because everyone has the Buddha-nature factors that enable this attainment. Hinayana does not discuss Buddha-nature. Nevertheless, Theravada does mention hundreds of Buddhas of the past. One Theravada sutta even lists twenty-seven by name. All of them were bodhisattvas before becoming Buddhas. Theravada asserts that there will be innumerable Buddhas in the future as well, including Maitreya as the next one, and that anyone can become a Buddha if they practice the ten far-reaching attitudes. The Ten Far-Reaching Attitudes Mahayana says that the ten far-reaching attitudes are practiced only by bodhisattvas and not by shravakas. This is because Mahayana defines a far-reaching attitude or â€Å"perfection† as one that is held by the force of a bodhichitta aim. According to Theravada, however, so long as the ten attitudes are held by the force of renunciation, the determination to be free, bodhichitta is not necessary for their practice to be far-reaching and act as a cause for liberation. Thus, Theravada asserts that both bodhisattvas and shravakas practice ten far-reaching attitudes. Aside from the different motivating aims behind them, the other main difference between a bodhisattva’s and a shravaka’s practice of the ten is the degree of their intensity. Thus, each of the ten far-reaching attitudes has three stages or degrees: ordinary, medium, and highest. For example, the highest practice of generosity would be giving one’s body to feed a hungry tigress, as Buddha did in a previous life as a bodhisattva. The list of the ten far-reaching attitudes also differs slightly in Theravada and Mahayana. The Mahayana list is: * generosity * ethical self-discipline * patience * joyful perseverance * mental stability * discriminating awareness * skill in means